20 Rhodora [FEBRUARY 
of the umbel. Another plant had flowers of a pale cream color, 
instead of the usual greenish purple. 
The genus Hieracium is a prominent feature of the flora of summer 
and early autumn, five species being represented, all native; there are 
none of the introduced species that are establishing themselves in other 
parts of New England. H. marianum, H. scabrum, H. Gronovii and 
H. canadense present no difficulties, but the fifth species, which I had 
called H. venosum, puzzled me not a little, when I compared a large 
number of specimens. Some of these agreed with the Manual de- 
scription “leaves nearly entire, scarcely petioled, thin, glabrous, 
and often purple-veined or mottled above, glaucous underneath,” 
but in other individuals the leaves bore, often abundantly, long 
whitish hairs. I was tempted to refer these to H. Greenii, but when I 
found on the same plant one leaf green and hairy, another of appar- 
ently the same age purple veined and smooth, I was tempted to doubt 
the distinctness of the two species; when Prof. Fernald showed me 
specimens of H. Greenii from the middle states, I saw that it was not 
my Cape Cod plant. Undoubtedly all the specimens in question 
belong to H. venosum, but the leaves of that species are more variable 
than had been supposed. 
Like the two preceding summers, the summer of 1910 was quite 
dry, and many of the shallower ponds nearly or quite disappeared. 
In many of these ponds or pools Nymphaea advena abounds, and as 
the water became low I could examine with comfort plants that 
usually would be quite out of reach. In addition to the normal 
floating leaves on long petioles, there were everywhere submerged 
leaves with short petioles, practically resting on the bottom. I had 
never seen these before, and was struck by their abundance, forming 
a large, handsome rosette at the base of each cluster of petioles. The 
Manual says “thin submerged leaves seldom present” but here they 
were at least as abundant as the ordinary leaves. They are thin 
and finely “crimped” in radiating folds, much like the scallop shell 
of southern New England; the petiole is hardly half as long as the 
blade, and is green, while the blade is a beautiful dull purplish red. 
As the normal leaves were mostly old and decaying, I thought at first 
that these might be young leaves of the same kind, which would later 
come to the surface as the petioles lengthened, but I afterwards saw 
buds and young leaves of quite different appearance, the blade thick 
from the first, the petiole rapidly lengthening. Later I found the 
