1911] Fernald,— Expedition to Newfoundland 141 
The striking feature of this analysis is of course, as already stated, 
the fact that of the indigenous plants of Newfoundland 944 per cent 
are identical either with species found to the north of the Straits of 
Belle Isle or with plants which occur along the Atlantic seaboard to 
the southwest; while only 33 per cent are most typically Canadian 
plants which on the continent find their greatest development in 
latitudes and climatic zones parallel with those of central and southern 
Newfoundland. As previously suggested a very large proportion 
(340 + species) of the plants which abound on the continent at the 
western edge of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and which we should expect 
to find in appropriate habitats in Newfoundland seem to be quite 
absent from the island. I have spoken (p.115) of the absence from the 
calcareous valleys of Arbor Vitae and some of its regular associates. 
Besides these we have searched for in vain and others have failed to 
find in Newfoundland such very familiar species as Adiantum pedatum,! 
Dryopteris marginalis, Sagittaria latifolia, S. arifolia, Alisma Plantago- 
aquatica, Poa Sandbergi Vasey (one of the most abundant grasses on 
calcareous rocks of the Gaspé Peninsula), Eleocharis obtusa, Carex 
stricta, C. lurida, C. retrorsa, Arisaema triphyllum, Veratrum viride, 
Lilium canadense, Trillium erectum, T. undulatum, Populus grandi- 
dentata, Ostrya virginica, Quercus rubra, Polygonum cilinode, Anemone 
riparia, A. canadensis, Clematis virginiana, Corydalis sempervirens 
Penthorum sedoides, Tiarella cordifolia, Chrysosplenium americanum, 
Dryas Drummondii Richardson (which, in the Silurian regions of 
Anticosti and the Gaspé Peninsula, covers the river-gravels), Prunus 
pumila, Dalibarda repens, Acer Saccharum, Viola septentrionalis, 
Pyrola asarifolia,? Steironema ciliatum, Mimulus ringens, Lonicera 
canadensis, Sambucus canadensis, Viburnum alnifolium, Eupatorium 
urticaefolium, Solidago squarrosa, Aster macrophyllus, A. acuminatus, 
Erigeron philadelphicus, Bidens cernua, and Prenanthes altissima; 
these, as just said, only a few of the most conspicuous of 340 + such 
1 La Pylaie naively states that the mountains north of Hare Bay have been named 
Montagne du Capillaire, because of the abundance there of Adiantum pedatum (Voyage, 
3); but in Newfoundland the name Capillare is so generally used for Chiogenes, from 
the berries of which a highly esteemed preserve is made, that it is probable that this 
fruit was more concerned than Adiantum with the naming of the mountains. The 
only Adiantum known in Newfoundland is A. pedatum, var. aleuticum which is common 
«on the serpentine barrens. 
2 P. asarifolia, var. incarnata which is a more northerly plant than typical P. 
asarifolia occurs in western Newfoundland. 
