148 Rhodora [JULY 
or seeds; and Populus grandidentata, Clematis virginiana, Acer 
Saccharum, Epilobium molle, Apocynum cannabinum, Asclepias 
Syriaca, Eupatorium perfoliatum, E. urticaefolium, Solidago squarrosa, 
S. latifolia, S. juncea, Aster macrophyllus, A. cordifolius, A. acuminatus, 
Erigeron philadelphicus, Gnaphalium polycephalum and Prenanthes 
altissima with feathery pappus or other means of buoyancy. And 
even though the buoyant-seeded plants of Nova Scotia have, since 
the receding of the Pleistocene ice, failed to reach by means of the 
winds the opposite side of Cabot Strait, there are plenty of other very 
common plants of Cape Breton or Nova Scotia proper — such as 
Leersia oryzoides, Carex lurida, C. retrorsa, Veratrum viride, Ostrya 
virginica, Polygonum cilinode, Osmorhiza divaricata and Steironema 
ciliatum,— the bladdery fruits, light seeds, or dry seed-bearing frag- 
ments of which it requires no extreme stretch of the imagination to 
picture as blowing and bounding on the broad fields of ice finally to 
find lodgment on the Newfoundland shore. But theoretically simple 
as this process appears, such conspicuous plants of the Canadian zone 
seem to have failed utterly in thus crossing Cabot Strait; and if this 
shortest route to Newfoundland has proved too much for the Nova 
Scotian species it is quite obvious that the routes from Anticosti (110 
miles) and the Gaspé Peninsula (more than 200 miles) are no more 
efficient. Otherwise we should expect to find upon Newfoundland 
such very common and conspicuous plants of Anticosti or Gaspé as 
Anemone multifida, A. riparia, Clematis verticillaris, Arabis brachy- 
carpa, Dryas Drummondii, Astragalus frigidus, var. americanus, Pyrola 
asarifolia, Erigeron acris, var. asteroides, Arnica mollis, A. chionopappa, 
and Prenanthes racemosa. 
Surely, if nearly all the plants (340 + out of 367 + species) which 
today abound in eastern Canada in the latitudes of Newfoundland 
(with the exception of the northern peninsula) but which are not 
characteristic of the sandy coastal country to the southwest, have 
thus signally failed to reach the island by means of the winds, is it 
not obvious that such a method for the transportation of Schizaea 
pusilla, for example, from New Jersey to Nova Scotia, thence to 
Newfoundland, or of the other southwestern plants which compose 
our Class III, is highly improbable? In fact, from the size and weight 
of the seeds or fruits of many of these Southwestern Types which 
are perfectly at home in Newfoundland — for example, Sparganium 
diversifolium, Potamogeton Oakesianus, Carex folliculata, Carex in- 
