1911] Bartlett,— Gynodioecism in Plantago lanceolata 201 
the common hermaphrodite form often failed to produce seed. An- 
other character which distinguished the intermediate and pistillate 
forms from the hermaphrodite was that the former produced greatly 
elongated stigmas far more frequently than the latter. This seemed 
to be due in part to the continued growth of the stigmas in pistillate 
plants whose pollination was delayed beyond the time at which a 
normal hermaphrodite would have been self-pollinated. In part, 
however, it seemed to be an inherited tendency of the pistillate stocks. 
A. Schulz ! established the fact that Plantago lanceolata is not only 
gynodioecious but also gynomonoecious. The flower spikes of 
gynomonoecious stocks bear both hermaphrodite and pistillate flowers, 
and intermediate types, in separate zones or variously intermingled. 
The writer's attention was brought to the forms of Plantago lanceo- 
lata in the summer of 1910 through finding in his experiment garden 
at Bethesda, Maryland, a single plant with bright yellow sagittate 
anthers. This plant was unique, for an examination of thousands 
of specimens of the species in the surrounding fields failed at the time 
to disclose another like it. However, the search brought to light 
many purely pistillate plants, which formed no inconsiderable pro- 
portion of the total number, and a great variety of gynomonoecious 
forms. Atthe time the yellow-anthered form was found, the Plantago 
had been in flower only a short time. Since then the greater part 
of the season of 1910 and the season of 1911 have passed without 
more than a half dozen such specimens having been found. Many 
times an identical anther form has been found on gynomonoecious 
stocks which were nearing the close of their season, and flowering only 
at the top of the spikes. Such plants never failed to show, however, 
the wilted remnants of broad white anthers like those of the pure 
hermaphrodite form. 
For convenience the three chief forms of Plantago lanceolata which 
have been found about Washington will be called, in the remainder 
of this paper, the 1st and 2d form hermaphrodites and the pistillate 
form. They correspond to the three forms distinguished by Ludwig, 
although their numerical distribution is not the same here as in 
Germany. (It will be remembered that Ludwig found his inter- 
mediate form much more abundant than the pure pistillate. 
1A. Schulz: Beitráge zur Kenntniss der Bestüubungeinrichtungen und Ge- 
schlechtsverteilung bei den Pflanzen. Biblioth. Bot., Heft 10 (1888) p. 90. 
