1911] Fernald,— Book Review 221 
typic bog plants." [Then follows a list including] “Calypso borealis 
Salisb (= C. bulbosa L. [i. e. (L.) Oakes]);....Orchis rotundifolia 
Pursh,. . . . Eleocharis pauciflorus Link.” 
[These plants, however, behave in Vermont, apparently, as they do in Maine, 
New Brunswick and Quebec, where they are not in S phagnum. Wherever the 
present reviewer has seen Calypso it has grown in a rich carpet of some H yp- 
num or other moss, not Sphagnum, and generally on decayed logs or stumps 
of Thuja; Orchis rotundifolia is also typical of Arbor Vitae swamps where it 
grows in wet hollows among true mosses and liverworts; and Scirpus pauci- 
florus (Eleocharis pauciflora) is found in wet but hardly sphagnous shores or 
banks or on dripping limy cliffs.] 
[p. 386] “The same Ericaceae [as in Vermont bogs] are noted from 
Massachusetts bogs, without Rh[odendron] Rhodora, the same Sarra- 
cenia, Geum, and the following trees, shrubs and perennials:” 
[Then follows a list containing the following which other explorers of Massa- 
chusetts bogs would delight to see: Lonicera oblongifolia, Aster junceus, 
Senecio Robbinsii, Pyrola uliginosa and Valeriana septentrionalis. This is 
a most interesting list but before it is accepted at its face value it should be 
most rigidly verified, for not one of the army of Massachusetts botanists 
from Menasseh Cutler to the energetic explorers of the present day have ever 
found any of these plants in the state. And in view of our brilliant bogs of 
late April and May it is astounding to be told that Rhodora does not grow 
in Massachusetts bogs (only one page back we are told that it does).] 
[p. 387] “ Mud Pond Formation. This formation exists in ponds 
and slow-flowing streams with mucky, clay bottom." 
[The fourteen plants listed as typical include such extremely rare species 
as Marsilia quadrifolia, Potamogeton crispus, and Podostemum ceratophyllum 
— rare because in New England Marsilia is locally introduced into a few 
ponds only, outside the traditional Bantam Lake station; Potamogeton crispus, 
similarly, is known in New England only very locally, in brick-yard pools 
and adjacent waters about Cambridge, Massachusetts, where it was undoubt- 
edly introduced from Europe (see Morong, Mem. Torr. Bot. Cl. iii. 37; Gray, 
Man. ed. 7, etc.); and Podostemum ceratophyllum grows, as is well expressed 
in the Catalogue of Flowering Plants and Ferns of Connecticut, “on rocks, 
stones and gravel in shallow running water,” and is therefore a rather un- 
satisfactory species to represent the New England “Mud Pond Formation.”] 
These numerous illustrations from Harshberger’s descriptions 
of the flora of the “Labrador District” and the “ Maritime District” 
(including the “New Brunswick Area” and the “New England 
Area”) of his larger “St. Lawrence-Great Lake Region,” although 
among the most inaccurate passages, are, it is regretted, by no means 
all on these pages. But the present reviewer, fearing that his own 
twenty-five years of active field-work in these two Districts might 
have made him hypercritical, has gone somewhat outside the areas 
with which he is personally familiar in order to check the result. The 
