1912] Knowlton,— Flora of Duxbury, Massachusetts 21 
My visits to Duxbury have been late for Carex, but on Sept. 10, in a 
cleared Chamaecyparis swamp, I found Carex trisperma, var. Billingsi, 
and splendid fresh green plants of C. bullata, var. Greenii, growing in 
sphagnum moss. I have noticed seven other common species in the 
township. Along the mucky shore of Cranberry Pond grew a form of 
Scirpus cyperinus, with cylindrical spikelets, 8 mm. long, which 
proved to be var. Andrewsii. The type is abundant. 
The *South Shore," so-called, including the coast towns from 
Boston to Plymouth, is a veritable paradise for shrubs and woody 
vines. The numerous forms of Vaccinium corymbosum, Cephalanthus 
occidentalis in all shapes and sizes, Rhododendron viscosum, Clethra 
alnifolia, Ilex verticillata, I. glabra and I. laevigata, and Nemopanthus 
fascicularis are typical shrubs of the swampy woods, and were all 
flourishing in Duxbury. Ilex opaca I have not yet found, but as it is 
frequent in near-by towns, and ranges as far southeast as Sandwich 
on Cape Cod, it is to be expected almost anywhere in moist woods.! 
Leucothoe racemosa is also a well-distributed shrub in the region, and 
I found a little of it in Duxbury. Psedera quinquefolia, Smilax 
rotundifolia and S. glauca were frequent, the last species in the open, 
in dryer soil than its congener. The only alder was Alnus rugosa, 
the only grape Vitis Labrusca. Rhus was well represented by R. 
typhina, R. glabra, R. copallina, R. Vernix and R. Toxicodendron (the 
creeping form). 
Solidago Elliottii grew very abundantly in swamps and moist soil 
generally, and it is a typical plant of the region. In many ways it is 
our handsomest species, its large dark green foliage forming a pleasing 
contrast to the clear yellow flowers. I found a little of S. tenuifolia, 
and a great deal of S. odora, already past blooming on Sept. 10. Aster 
spectabilis grew well in dry gravelly woods, but A. laevis seemed to be 
absolutely missing from the flora. Hieracium Gronovii was frequent 
in dry soil, H. venosum with green leaves was common, but I only 
found one plant of H. canadense and none of the other species. 
Asclepias amplexicaule occurred here and there on the sand-plains 
in some abundance. One sterile shoot I collected because it bore three 
whorls of three leaves each. Galium pilosum, Gentiana crinita, Poly- 
gonella articulata and Polygonum arifolium deserve passing mention. 
1 As the Pilgrims found '' holly ” on their first exploring trip from Provincetown, 
in November, 1620, it is reasonable to suppose that this tree had a wider range on 
Cape Cod, originally. 
