1912] Wiegand,— Amelanchier in eastern North America 123 
the form which is woolly when young, to apply the term “ var. Botrya- 
pium" to a form with “leaves soon smooth.” This is exactly opposite 
to the view recently held. A definite transfer of the name canadensis 
to the arborescent smooth species seems to have first taken place in 
the sixth edition of Gray’s Manual. Since then this latter interpre- 
tation has been quite generally followed. 
Amelanchier canadensis as interpreted by the writer seems to be 
the more common arborescent species in the Middle and Southern 
States, and, since this region furnished much material to the earlier 
botanists, it is not surprising that this species has an extensive 
synonymy. The writer has been unable to attribute any of the 
numerous published names to our smooth species, which is more 
common in the north, since each description states explicitly that 
the leaves were hairy when young. This smooth species is, there- 
fore, here given the new name 4. laevis. 
Greater difficulty is experienced in the determination of names 
applicable to the shrubby species of Amelanchier. The shrubby and 
arborescent species were not clearly distinguished by the early authors, 
and in many cases the descriptions were so worded as to include both. 
Two names appear in the early synonymy of Amelanchier which have 
since been variously applied to different shrubby or even arborescent 
species. "These are the Crataegus spicata of Lamarck,! and the Pyrus 
ovalis of Willdenow.? Both were described from garden material. 
The C. spicata was based on plants growing in the Jardin du Roi, 
and the P. ovalis on plants in the Berlin Garden. Plants have since 
been growing in the Berlin Garden, specimens from which have been 
from time to time sent out in exsiccati as Amelanchier ovalis or A. 
spicata (E. Koehne — Herb. Dend. No. 51 as A. spicata Hort. bot. 
Berol) Those who have seen these specimens and the type specimen 
of Crataegus spicata, as well as specimens of our Eastern American 
stoloniferous fine-toothed Amelanchier agree that they all appear to 
be one and the same thing. Flowers and leaves in the exsiccati match 
those of this stoloniferous species as well as one could wish, as do also 
the flowers and leaves in the original descriptions. "The original 
description of C. spicata, however, gives the height of the plant as 
from two to three times that of the native European species of Ame- 
1 Encyc., i, p. 84 (1783). 
? Berlin Baumz., ed. 1, p. 259 (1796). 
