1912] Clarke,— Suggestion for Summer Observations 183 
noon (some of the open flowers were the staminate ones, some the 
fertile). Each had its pair of lodicules; but on the third day, the 
flowers did not open so well. I notice that grasses with hard, stiff 
culms do not open their flowers well in the house. 
As lodicules lie between the ovary and the lemma, to see them well 
I turn the lemma back against the pedicel, nip the two in stage forceps 
and put them under the inch objective of my binocular; then I can 
twist and turn them about, their appearance varying much according 
to the angle from which one regards them, also according to degree 
of turgescence; perhaps this explains why the lodicules of Digitaria 
sanguinalis do not look to me this year as I drew them last year! 
Then they looked to me like round pebbles, and now they appear 
square-cornered! But that the neutral flower has a pair of them as 
well as the fertile, remains an uncontrovertible fact. 
Boston, MASSACHUSETTS. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PLATE 97. 
Poa annua, lodicules, stamens and stigmas, as seen in the bud. 
Poa annua, lodieules and ovary, in the open flower; one stamen left, 
with an empty anther; Nov. 17th, 5 4. M. (in pot in house). 
Poa annua, lodicules reduced to scales again; grain nearly ripe; anthers 
and dried-up stigmas pushed to top of flower. 
Festuca elatior, with turgescent lodicules, ovary, one stamen, and base of 
two other filaments and of the two styles; Aug. 12th, 7.30 A. M. 
Avena, turgescent lodicules, bristly ovary, base of the two stigmas, with 
one partly-dehisced anther caught onto one of them; Sept. 12th, 6 A. M. 
Ammophila arenaria, turgescent lodicules; Aug. 20th, 6.30 A. M. 
Arrhenatherum elatius, turgescent lodicules; Aug. 22nd, 10.30 a. m. 
Elymus virginicus, turgescent lodicules; Aug. 6, 4 P. M. 
OND m B w Ne 
PLATE 98. 
Setaria verticillata, cluster of four spikelets, flowers more or less open. 
Setaria verticillata, part of single spikelet, showing turgescent lodicules, 
styles, stigmas, two anthers, and a bristle; July 6th, 5.30 a.m. 
Echinochloa crus-galli, turgescent lodicules, ovary, bases of two styles, 
three filaments and the palet; Sept. 16th, 8 A. M. 
Echinochloa crus-galli, a soaked-out flower bud; shows two young, scale- 
like lodicules, two young stamens, and base of palet. 
Digitaria sanguinalis, turgescent lodicules, etc.; Sept. 12th, 8 A. M. 
Digitaria humifusa, part of spikelet, turgescent lodicules, styles, stigmas, 
and three empty anthers; July 4th, 5 A. M. 
Digitaria humifusa, part of a raceme, with spikelets more or less open, 
showing anthers and stigmas. 
Bm mc 5» 
