QTRbooora 
JOURNAL OF 
THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB 
Vol. 14. November, 1912. No. 167. 
NOTES ON NEW ENGLAND HEPATICAE,— X. 
ALEXANDER W. Evans. 
THE genus Chiloscyphus is represented in Europe and North America 
by a number of distinct forms, some of which are terrestrial while 
others are aquatic or subaquatic in habit. A new impetus to study 
these forms has been given by the publication of Schiffner’s “ Kritik 
der europäischen Formen der Gattung Chiloscyphus auf phylogene- 
tischer Grundlage." ! In this paper six species are recognized, three 
being terrestrial and three aquatic. The terrestrial species include 
Ch. pallescens, Ch. polyanthus, and Ch. ascendens, while the aquatic 
species include Ch. fragilis, Ch. rivularis, and Ch. Nordstedti. With 
the exception of the last these species are all definitely known from 
North America. Schiffner's interpretation differs in certain respects 
from that given by K. Müller in his * Lebermoose Deutschlands, 
Oesterreichs und der Schweiz." ? According to his conclusions Ch. 
pallescens, Ch. polyanthus, Ch. ascendens, and Ch. Nordstedtii represent 
elementary species, or “kleine Arten"; Ch. fragilis and Ch. rivularis, 
on the other hand, are nothing more than inconstant varieties of Ch. 
polyanthus. Müller's position is upheld by Macvicar,? who includes 
both these aquatic forms under Ch. polyanthus as varieties and yet 
admits Ch. pallescens as a species. Ch. ascendens and Ch. Nordstedtii, 
not having been reported from the British Isles, are not considered by 
this author. In the opinion of the writer Schiffner's segregation of 
Ch. fragilis and Ch. rivularis seems warranted, in view of the evidence 
at hand and of the prevalent tendency to recognize “kleine Arten." 
1 Beih. zum Bot. Centralbl. 29?: 74-116. pl. 1,2. 1912. 
? Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora 6; 822-826. 1911. 
3 Student's Handb. of British Hepatics 240, 241. 1912. 
