1912] | Evans— Notes on New England Hepaticae, — X 217 
Ch. pallescens the species will then present a range of variability in the 
perianth which far exceeds anything found in Ch. polyanthus. It 
seems logical, therefore, to recognize Ch. pallescens, at least as a 
“kleine Art.” 
6. CHILOSCYPHUS FRAGILIS (Roth) Schiffn. Lotos 58: (27). 1910; 
Beih. zum ‘Bot. Centralbl. 29?; 90. pl. 1, f. 7-14; pl. 2, f. 20, 21. 
1912. Jungermannia fragilis Roth, Fl. Germ. 3!: 370. 1800. 
Chiloscyphus polyanthus, var. erectus Schiffn. Lotos 48: 332. 1900. 
Ch. polyanthus, var. fragilis C. Müll. Frib.; Rabenhorst's Kryptoga- 
men-Flora 6:823. 1911. In pools, slow streams, and wet meadows. 
Maine: Auburn (E. D. Merrill); Round Mountain Lake, Franklin 
County (Miss Lorenz). New Hampshire: Fraconia Notch (A. W. E.). 
Massachusetts: Magnolia (W. G. Farlow). Connecticut: Bethany, 
Middletown, Winchester, and Windsor (A. W. E.); Killingworth 
(G. E. Nichols). The Massachusetts station has already been recorded 
by Schiffner. Until very recently the aquatic and subaquatic forms 
of Chiloscyphus were indiscriminately referred to Ch. polyanthus, var. 
rivularis. A few years ago, however, Warnstorf! brought out the 
fact that these forms exhibited considerable diversity, and Loeske ? 
soon afterwards restricted the name rivularis to a definite series of 
forms, separating them from Ch. polyanthus as a distinct species (see 
below). The remaining forms included by the older writers under the 
variety rivularis have since been more clearly defined by Schiffner, 
who has revived for the series the old name fragilis, as indicated above, 
and restored it to specific rank. 
According to Schiffner’s description Ch. fragilis is considerably 
larger than its allies, the stems being thick and fleshy and the leaves 
often attaining a length of 2 mm. or more. The stems are rarely 
branched, the leaves are rotund-quadrate in outline and usually as 
broad as long, while the leaf-cells in typical forms of the species are 
among the largest in the genus, measuring 35-40 u just within the 
margin. In the American variety Sullwantit Schiffn., however, he 
recognizes a form in which the submarginal cells are only 30 u in 
diameter. The perianth agrees closely with that of Ch. polyanthus 
and is far surpassed by the calyptra when the capsule reaches maturity. 
The variety Sullivantii, based upon Sullivant's Musci Alleg. No. 
248, seems to be not uncommon in New England. The Massachu- 
1 Kryptogamenfl. der Mark Brandenburg 1: 252. 1902. 
? Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Porv. Branbendurg 46: 172. 1904. 
