220 Rhodora [NOVEMBER 
variety (var. subteres Schiffn.) in which the cells are fully as large as in 
the subterrestrial modification of the typical form. According to his 
account this variety also passes over into a subterrestrial condition, 
which he implies is quite indistinguishable from that of the typical 
form. He supports his position still further by citing a locality in- 
Bohemia where typical Ch. polyanthus and the subterrestrial form of 
Ch. rivularis grow side by side and even intermingled without passing 
into each other. Schiffner regards Ch. rivularis as a species with a 
wider range of variability than is ascribed to it by Loeske and con- 
siders this variability as one of the peculiarities of the plant. 
In North America the typical Ch. rivularis seems to have been 
rarely collected. Much of the material examined by the writer 
belongs to the variety subteres, characterized not only by its larger 
leaf-cells but also by its less squarrose branches and by its larger and 
more crowded leaves. The latter are not explanate as in the normal 
form of the species but are more or less ascending and often give the 
branches a subterete appearance. The forma subterrestris, also, is 
known from a number of localities. Although Ch. polyanthus has 
been recorded from each of the New England states, the exclusion of 
the forms now referred to Ch. fragilis and Ch. rivularis reduces the 
number of New England stations which the writer can definitely 
quote to two, namely: Katahdin Iron Works, Maine (E. D. Merrill) 
and Brookfield, Connecticut (A. W. E.). Ch. pallescens seems to be 
more abundant. Specimens have been examined from Maine, New 
Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, and the species is 
reported also from Rhode Island (under the name Ch. ascendens) in 
Bennett’s “Plants of Rhode Island.” 
8. CEPHALOZIELLA BIFIDA (Schreb.) Schiffn. Lotos 48: 340. 1900. 
Jungermannia bifida Schreb.; Schmidel, Icon. Plant. et Anal. Ed. 
II. 250 (footnote). pl. 64, f. II. 1797. Cephalozia bifida Lindb. 
Musc. Scand. 4. 1879. On sandy and turfy earth. Massachu- 
setts: Magnolia (W. G. Farlow); Reading (C. C. Kingman). Con- 
necticut: Hamden and Middlefield (4. W. E.); East Hartford and 
Groton (Miss Lorenz). The determinations of C. bifida and of the 
following species of Cephaloziella were made by Professor Douin, of 
Chartres, France. At the present time the limits of C. bifida are not 
clearly understood, so that it is difficult to give an idea of its geo- 
graphical distribution. It has been reported, however, from numer- 
ous scattered localities in Europe, Asia, and North America. 
