1912] Evans,— Notes on New England Hepaticae,— X 223 
nately these peculiarities are not always present, many of the leaves 
being smooth and with entire lobes, and the occurrence of plants of 
this character makes it difficult to define C. papillosa sharply. The 
diffieulty is clearly stated by Howe, in his account of the variety 
scabra, and deterred him from describing the plant as a distinct species. 
Even Douin and Schiffner, who admit its validity, do so tentatively 
and state expressly that it is nothing more than a “kleine Art," or a 
species in process of formation. Possibly the roughness of the leaves 
is brought about by external factors, and Douin suggests that it may 
be associated with a slow growth of the plant and with the development 
of gemmae.! This idea, however, can be regarded as nothing more 
than an hypothesis, especially since smooth and rough forms sometimes 
grow together and since smooth forms sometimes produce gemmae. 
It will appear from the synonymy that the specific name asperifolia 
is older than papillosa. Unfortunately the first name is not available, 
on account of an earlier Cephalozia asperifolia (Tayl.) Spruce,? from 
the Madeira Islands. "This plant is known at the present time from 
Taylor's original description only. On the basis of this description 
Spruce first referred the species to the genus Anthelia? but afterwards 
transferred it to the subgenus Prionolobus of the genus Cephalozia. 
Stephani retains it in the same position. According to Mitten? 
the Madeira species is synonymous with T'rigonanthus dentatus (Raddi) 
Mitt., but this idea is not tenable because 7. dentatus has a smooth 
cuticle. Schiffner® suggests that Jungermannia asperifolia "Tayl. 
and Cephalozia asperifolia C. Jens. may possibly be identical. Of 
course, if this should ever be proved to be the case, the name asperi- 
folia could then be revived for the present species. 
1l. ANTHOCEROS CAROLINIANUS Michx. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 280. 
1803. On a log, at the border of a pond. New Haven, Connecticut 
(G. E. Nichols). In Howe's monograph on the Anthocrotaceae of 
North America he cites sterile specimens of an Anthoceros from New 
Haven, collected by D. C. Eaton, which he refers somewhat doubtfully 
to A. carolinianus.” The present specimens are fertile and agree 
1 Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52: 147. 1905. 
? Hep. Amaz. et And. 508 (footnote). 1885. (= Jungermannia asperifolia Tayl. 
Lond. Jour. Bot. 5: 277. 1846.) 
3 On Cephalozia 83. 1882. 
‘Bull. de l'Herb. Boissier II. 8: 508. 1908. 
s Godman's Nat. Hist. Azores 318. 1870. 
* Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 55: (6). 1905. 
7 Bull. Torrey Club 24: 7. 1898. 
