42 Rhodora [FEBRUARY 
ii. 203 (1880). Juncodes comosum, var. congestum Sheldon, Minn. 
Bot. Stud. i. 64 (1894). Juncoides comosum, var. congestum Howell, 
Fl. N. W. Am. 681 (1903).— Europe and Eastern Asia. In North 
America from VANCOUVER ISLAND to CALIFORNIA. 
5. Var. echinata (Small), n. comb. Juncoides echinatum Small, 
Torreya, i. 74 (1901). Luzula campestris, var. bulbosa Robinson € 
Fernald in Gray Man. ed. 7, 279 (1908) in part, not Wood.—NEw 
JERSEY and PENNSYLVANIA to GEORGIA and TEXAS. 
6. Var. MULTIFLORA (Ehrh.) Celak. Prodr. Fl. Bóhem. 85 (1869); 
Buchenau in Engler, l. c. 94 (1906) which see for detailed synonymy; 
Robinson & Fernald in Gray Man. ed. 7, 279 (1908). Juncus campes- 
tris y, L. Sp. Pl. 329 (1753). Juncus multiflorus Ehrh. Calam. Gram. et 
Tripet. exsicc. (about 1791); Retz. Fl. Scand. Prodr. ed. 2, 82 (1795). 
Cyprella campestris, var. multiflora MacMillan, Met. Minn. Val. 142 
(1892). Juncodes campestre, var. multiflorum Sheldon, Minn. Bot. 
Stud. i. 65 (1894).— Eurasia and North America. In North America 
the most widely distributed plant, occurring from NEWFOUNDLAND 
to ALASKA, south to New JERSEY, PENNSYLVANIA, ILLINOIS, UTAH and 
CALIFORNIA; abundant northeastward, rare westward. 
7. Var. FRIGIDA Buchenau, Oster. bot. Zeitschr. xlviii. 284 (1898), 
and in Engler, l. c. 93, fig. 55 (1906); Robinson & Fernald in Gray 
Man. ed. 7, 279 (1908).— Boreal, arctic and alpine Eurasia. In North 
America from GREENLAND and LABRADOR to NEWFOUNDLAND, south- 
ern New Brunswick and eastern MAINE; islands of BERING SEA. 
S. Var. BULBOSA Wood, Class Book (1861) 723; Robinson € 
Fernald in Gray Man. ed. 7, 279 (1908) in part. Juncoides bulbosum 
Small, Torreya, i. 75 (1901).— Dry open sandy woods and thickets 
or serpentine barrens, NEw JERSEY and southeastern PENNSYLVANIA 
to Grorata (Small), west Kansas and Texas.— The production of 
bulblets, though more general in this variety than in the others, is by 
no means confined to it. They occur occasionally in vars. macrantha, 
comosa, congesta, and multiflora in America and in some of the European 
and Australian varieties as well as in various species of Juncus which 
ordinarily lack bulblets (see Buchenau, Flora, Ixxiv. 77 (1891)). In 
its inflorescence var. bulbosa strongly simulates var. pallescens which, 
however, tends to have somewhat smaller flowers; but in the speci- 
mens which are transitional in the size of flowers the presence or 
absence of bulblets alone seems to distinguish the plants. 
9. Var. PALLESCENS Wahlenb. Fl. Suec. i. 218 (1824); Buchenau 
in Engler, 1. c. 88 (1906) which see for fuller synonymy. Juncus cam- 
pestris B. L. Sp. Pl. 329 (1753). Juncus pallescens Wahlenb. Fl. 
Lapp. 87 (1812). L. pallescens Besser, Enum. Pl. Volh. Pod. 15 (1822). 
— Eurasia. In North America known only from NEWFOUNDLAND and 
the Gaspé Peninsula of QUEBEC, but, since it occurs on islands on the 
Asiatic side of Bering Sea, to be expected from the Alaskan islands. 
NEWFOUNDLAND: open fields near the Gander River, Glenwood, July 
12 & 13, 1911, Fernald & Wiegand, nos. 5160, 5161. QvEnBEc: sterile 
