1913] Brainerd,— Rare Violets of northeastern America 113 
1911; Fernald & Wiegand, nos. 5856, 5857, 5861, 5864. QUEBEC.-— 
wet woods and thickets, Grindstone Island, Magdalen Islands, Fernald 
& others, no. 7773, July 17, 1912. 
In the northwestern portion of the region covered by the Gray 
Manual we have to record the appearance of V. NOVAEF*ANGLIAE,! 
heretofore known only from northern and central Maine.? It was 
collected by the late Dr. Fletcher at Maple Lake, near Parry Sound, 
Ont. Living plants, furnished by Dr. Fletcher in 1904, were for 
several years grown at Middlebury, Vt. In June, 1909, Dr. H. V. 
Ogden of Milwaukee sent live plants, collected *on a small sand 
island" Mercer, Wis.: and a year later, other plants, from Saxesville, 
Wis., 250 miles further south. From seeds of both, vigorous plants 
with large handsome flowers were obtained. Prof. Fernald has shown 
me also a specimen from Duncan Bay, Isle Royale, Mich., W. 5. 
Cooper, Aug. 18, 1910. The species, thus, seems to occur with more 
or less frequency in the region of the Great Lakes. 
V. RUGULOSA Greene, found in Minnesota, Iowa, and eastern Ne- 
braska, should be added to the Gray Manual list. V. Rydbergüi 
Greene, published a page later, is from the eastern slope of the Rocky 
Mts., but is hardly distinguishable from the Minnesota plant. Both 
have root-leaves much broader and larger than those of V. canadensis, 
and the upper stem-leaves are densely short-pubescent beneath, 
especially along the veins. But the most pronounced character is 
the presence, well underground, of long vigorous branching root- 
stocks, by means of which the plant spreads rapidly in the garden or 
in the wild. But this character is rarely seen in herbarium specimens 
and was apparently unknown to Dr. Greene when he described the 
species. I observed it first in plants under cultivation from Boulder, 
Colo. To ascertain whether this was also the habit of the Minnesota 
plant I applied to Prof. Clements, who kindly sent me living speci- 
mens with abundant stolons, not only from the University grounds 
but from its native haunts at Ft. Snelling. 
V. EccLEsTONIL? a fine species with rich purple flowers, is also 
entitled to recognition in the Gray Manual. 'The type specimens 
1 RHopona vi. 226, pl. 59; and vii. 1-3. 
? Since the above was written, I have received specimens, both in flower and in 
fruit, of V. novae-angliae from the Province of New Brunswick:— Wet sandy shores, 
Lake Utopia, St. George, Charlotte Co., N. B.; J. Vroom, July & August, 1883. This 
is the earliest known collection of this species. 
3 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club xxxvii. 526, plates 34 & 35. 1910. 
