1915] Rehder,— The Name of the Hemlock Spruce 59 
of “bogs and meadows” (Britton & Brown), and of “rich alluvial 
shores, rarely in swamps” (Grays Manual, 7th ed.). The var. niaga- 
rensis, where observed by me, was a resident of level, poorly-drained, 
open woodland and thickets, confined to edges of vernal pools and 
depressions where moisture lingers well into the hot days of summer, 
but where the surface soil-layers dry out and crack before the akenes 
are mature. 
My drawings are from specimens preserved unpressed especially 
for this purpose, all from the type material of the variety herein 
described, excepting the perigynium marked “c,” referred to above. 
MARYLAND AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, 
College Park, Maryland. 
THE NAME OF THE HEMLOCK SPRUCE. 
ALFRED REHDER. 
UNDER the title “The correct name of the hemlock spruce" an 
interesting article by Oliver A. Farwell appeared in the December 
number of the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club (Vol. XLI, 621- 
629). As I cannot agree with some of the statements made by the 
author and particularly with his conclusion that the correct name of 
the Hemlock Spruce ought to be T'suga americana, I venture the fol- 
lowing remarks to show that the name T'suga canadensis for this tree 
should be retained. 
In fixing the type of Pinus canadensis Linnaeus (Spec. Ed. 2, 1421) 
one has to consider that the diagnostic phrase is taken nearly literally 
from the synonym of Gronovius. "This shows as clearly, as if Linnaeus 
had expressly designated the Gronovian plant as the type of his spe- 
cles, that his Pinus canadensis 1s based primarily on the plant described 
by Gronovius; that this is the Hemlock Spruce there can be no doubt, 
as Farwell himself admits. To Farwell's further deductions, however, 
I cannot subscribe; he says: "If we take the first synonym enumer- 
ated under a species in case no type is specifically named, then Pinus 
canadensis becomes a pure synonym of Pinus balsamea Linnaeus, for 
the first synonym cited under both species is the same Gronovian 
