ee MSN Lu. dig 
$ ^ - a b. 
1915] Evans,— Notes on New England Hepaticae,— XII 115 
Lindb. and C. catenulata (Hüben.) Spruce, and in certain respects it is 
intermediate between these two species. According to Kaalaas the 
elongated antheridial spikes or androecia yield its most distinctive 
characters. In his description of these spikes he states that the bracts 
are numerous (sometimes as many as fourteen pairs); that they are 
two or three times as large as the leaves; that they are imbricated, 
transversely attached, and bifid (or rarely trifid) to the middle or 
beyond with acute sinuses; and that the lobes of the bracts are 
narrowly lanceolate and acute with more or less spinose-dentate 
margins. He adds that the lower bracteoles are smaller than the 
bracts but that the upper ones are fully as large and bifid in much 
the same way. Macvicar and Müller accept the characterization of 
Kaalaas and lay an equal emphasis on the androecia in distinguishing 
C. macrostachya from its allies. 
Schiffner, however, brings out the interesting fact that androecia 
of the type described by Kaalaas are not of constant occurrence. He 
finds that the antheridial spikes are sometimes short, that the lobes 
of the bracts are sometimes entire or nearly so (except for a small 
tooth on the dorsal margin), and that the bracteoles are sometimes 
small throughout the length of the inflorescence. He finds further 
that spikes of this simpler type sometimes occur in connection with 
spikes of the more complex type and sometimes replace the latter 
altogether. As he points out the androecia of C. media agree in all 
essential respects with the simpler androecia just described, and it 
should be added that the androecia of C. catenulata agree almost as 
closely. 
On account of the inconstancy of the characters drawn from the 
antheridial inflorescences Schiffner, in distinguishing C. macrostachya 
from C. media, lays emphasis on the shape of the leaves, the peculiari- 
ties of the perichaetial bracts, and the teeth at the mouth of the 
perianth. The features which he considers most important were, 
for the most part, brought out in the original description, although 
Kaalaas regarded them as less important than those drawn from the 
androecia. They may be briefly described as follows: the leaves are 
bifid to about the middle with an obtuse-lunulate sinus and straight 
or connivent, acute divisions, each usually tipped with a row of two 
cells; the perichaetial bracts are bifid to beyond the middle with long 
acuminate lobes, each usually bearing on the outer edge two slender 
and often hair-like teeth; the mouth of the perianth has small teeth, 
