1915] Knowlton,— Plant Societies at Roque Bluffs, Maine 149 
Eriophorum callitriz Comandra livida 
i tenellum Drosera longifolia 
D angustifolium “rotundifolia 
di virginicum Rubus Chamaemorus 
Smilacina trifolia Empetrum nigrum 
Arethusa bulbosa Menyanthes trifoliata 
Calopogon pulchellus Melampyrum lineare 
Pogonia ophioglossoides Aster nemoralis, var. Blakei 
Microstylis unifolia Solidago uniligulata 
The peat-bogs are one of the most striking features of the landscape. 
They are level, or a bit higher in the middle, with stunted trees of 
Picea mariana to add dreariness to the view. Around the edges they 
are very wet, and some of the bogs quake as you walk in the wet 
sphagnum. In others the central part is firm and even dry. 
The Labrador tea, Ledum groenlandicum, is abundant, and has 
beautiful white flowers in June. One bog is full of staminate Rubus 
Chamaemorus, another has both staminate and pistillate plants, mostly 
the latter. It is a curious sight to see this plant well fruited, for the 
berries are a very rich golden yellow, and lie on the beds of sphagnum 
like so many gold coins. Gaylussacia dumosa, var. Bigeloviana I have 
found in only one bog so far, with the moss up nearly to the tuft of 
leaves at the tip. It is in full bloom in late July, a most attractive 
cream-white bell-flower. Scheuchzeria grows in the peat-bog by the 
' barrier-beach pond, as the other bogs do not seem wet enough for it. 
Carex limosa grows with it, and also flourishes under swamp conditions 
across the pond. Carex trisperma, var. Billingsii flourishes in the 
same place, while the other sedges listed are of more general distribu- 
tion. Comandra livida grows in only one bog, and does not flower or 
fruit. An examination of several extensive root-systems indicates that 
this species is not parasitic here. It was new to eastern Maine when 
I found it in 1907, but it has since been found by Prof. M. L. Fernald 
at West Quoddy Head. Another tenuous little bog plant is Melam- 
pyrum lineare, which has linear leaves and is much more delicate than 
the woodland form of the same species. 
The peat-bog flora contains a large number of boreal plants, because 
these cold wet masses of sphagnum are so much like the bogs north- 
ward under the Arctic Circle. Among these boreal plants are Scheuch- 
zeria, Carex limosa, C. pauciflora, Eriophorum angustifolium, Comandra 
livida and Rubus Chamaemorus. Along with them are many other 
bog plants whose range is from Newfoundland to Georgia or Florida. 
Di 
