Eis 4.25 LE Ed 
1915) Knowlton,— Plant Societies at Roque Bluffs, Maine 153 
These woods are dark and mossy with frequent glades. The ever- 
greens predominate, for the poplars are only casual. As for the birches, 
instead of having the dazzling white bark which often characterizes 
the paper birches, these trees have a dull reddish bark, and are not 
conspicuous in the forest. Such rich woods trees as the maples and 
yellow birch are rare near the shore, even in the undergrowth. 
Salix balsamifera is an occasional shrub, with bright red young 
leaves at the tips of the branches. It does not give out its resinous 
perfume until it has wilted. Amelanchier laevis is the only species 
of the genus which I have so far been able to find. It is abundant 
and fruits heavily. Pyrus sitchensis is occasional close to the sea, but 
seems to be much less frequent than P. americana. In Rubus there 
is a good deal of a trailing species which seems to be R. nigricans, 
while there is another more erect specles which always comes out 
R. tardatus, by the key in the seventh edition of Gray's Manual. 
The most conspicuous fern is Aspidium spinulosum, var. dilatatum. 
It fills moist glades in the woods with great masses of delicate fronds 
four or five feet long, and often over a foot in width. Solidago macro- 
phylla, so frequent in mountain woods inland, here flourishes near 
sea-level. 
In general the flora of these Canadian woods is full and typical, 
except that the calciphiles are lacking. 
CLEARED Uprann (Pastures, OLD FIELDS AND HRoapsiDEs). 
Juniperus communis, var. depressa Dicksonia punctilobula 
Myrica asplenifolia Pteris aquilina 
Alnus incana Lycopodium clavatum 
Betula populifolia Agrostis alba, var. vulgaris 
Crataegus sp. “ — hyemalis 
Rosa virginiana Danthonia spicata 
Rubus canadensis Panicum boreale 
* idaeus, var. aculeatissimus y implicatum 
Spiraea latifolia Poa pratensis 
* — tomentosa " triflora 
Vaccinium canadense Carex adusta 
H pennsylvanicum * pallescens 
dd pennsylvanicum, var. Juncus Greenei 
nigrum Sisyrinchium angustifolium 
Diervilla Lonicera Spiranthes Romanzoffiana 
Aspidium spinulosum Polygonum cilinode 
a 
