168 Rhodora [SEPTEMBER 
during that decade? Most certainly not, for one had been long dead 
and the other had published nothing new upon the subject. It is 
not probable that a reperusal of the old writings had anything to do 
with the matter as these had already been thoroughly studied for the 
first edition; also the fact that the synonyms were separated and 
placed under two species, to neither of which they belonged, is very 
conclusive evidence that Linnaeus neither knew the Hemlock Spruce 
nor had any real conception of its status as a species and therefore 
could not have considered it a type. What then was the controlling 
factor in the establishment of Pinus canadensis? During the decade 
above referred to Miller published and described under the old style 
of nomenclature four species of this group and later illustrated at 
least one of them, the White Spruce. These publications of Miller 
brought the species prominently before Linnaeus who readily recog- 
nized the claims of the White Spruce to specific rank and, on the 
strength of Miller’s publications, accorded it such as Pinus canadensis 
in the second edition of the Species Plantarum. Rehder claims that 
the specific name in Pinus Balsamea is indicative of what Linnaeus 
meant and furthermore that it shows Linnaeus did not get all his 
information regarding the Balsam Fir from the Hemlock synonyms 
cited under it. Does not the same reasoning apply when considering 
P. canadensis? Or will Mr. Rehder deny that it does and insist that 
Linnaeus obtained the specific name “canadensis” from the writings 
of Gronovius on Virginia and the Hemlock Spruce? The entire internal 
evidence shows conclusively that Linnaeus had the White Newfound- 
land Spruce in mind when he published Pinus canadensis notwith- 
standing he drew up his diagnosis from Gronovius, which, under the 
circumstances, was unfortunate. The proper specific name, therefore, 
for the Hemlock Spruce is the one first applied to it, that of americana, 
and the correct binomial, T'suga americana (Miller) Farwell. 
DEPARTMENT OF Botany, Parke, Davis & Co., Detroit, Mich. 
