JE —-— T 
196 — Rhodora Te MM 
1904, J. Fowler; Campbellton, July 1, 1877, R. Chalmers, Herb. Geol. 
Surv. Can., no. 17,447. Marne: barren fields about Boundary Lake, 
August 12, 1902, Eggleston & Fernald; dry open places, Frenchville, 
August 12, 1901, Williams, Robinson & Fernald, Pl. Exsicc. Gray., 
no. 62; dry field, Hamlin, September 18, 1896, Fernald; Monhegan 
Island, 1901, C. F. Jenney, 1902, F. Grace Smith, no. 77. New Hamp- 
SHIRE: at north door of Glen House, July 28, 1865, Wm. Boott; road- 
side, base of Mt. Washington, August 10, 1878, J. A. Allen; damp 
mossy places on side of road about 14 miles from Glen House toward 
Jackson, August 9, 1902, F. F. Forbes; roadside 3 mile south of 
Glen House, September 5, 1908, 4. S. Pease, no. 11,550; lawn of Glen 
House, August 2, 1907, A. S. Pease, no. 10761; road between 
Glen House and Tuckerman's Ravine, August 19, 1903, A. H. Moore, 
no. 1424. 
E. canadensis is closely related to E. arctica and E. stricta. From 
the former it differs in the glabrous foliage and more aristate bracteal 
teeth; from the latter in the smaller corolla with paler veins and less 
spreading lateral lobes of the lower lip, and the usually lower stature, 
with more basal branching and more spreading bracts. It is found in 
fields, by roadsides and in other somewhat artificial habitats in the 
neighborhood of settlements and has every appearance of an intro- 
duced plant. Pringle, when he collected it in Temiscouata County, 
Quebec, in 1878, wrote of it, *doubtless introduced from Europe" 
(Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. vi. 366). Nevertheless, as pointed out by Town- 
send, the plant does not exactly match any European species; and 
although strongly inclined to believe the species a recent introduction 
in Quebec and northern New England, we have sought in vain for an 
exact match for it in the Old World species. Its nearest affinity is 
apparently with Æ. nemorosa Pers., but it usually begins flowering 
from nearer the base and its branches are more confined to the base 
than in the European E. nemorosa. E. canadensis is usually lower than 
E. nemorosa and has rather larger leaves and bracts. In this connec- 
tion it is significant that the plant was collected by Michaux at 
Quebec in 1792, the material in his herbarium being quite typical Æ. 
canadensis. Townsend, in publishing the species, said: “As to the 
history of E. canadensis, it is difficult to form an opinion without 
further knowledge of its present geographical distribution; whether 
it be an importation from Europe at a remote though historic period, 
modified by climatic or other influences, or whether it be the descendant 
of an ancient but indigenous form. As regards E. americana Wetts., 
Prof. Wettstein inclines to the idea of importation, as stated in his 
Monograph, p. 128." 
