1915] Fernald and Wiegand,— Genus Euphrasia 197 
The three species, L. canadensis, E. americana, and E. stricta, form, 
with the local and very distinct E. hudsoniana of Ungava, a group of 
species quite unlike our other large-flowered Euphrasias in the bristle- 
tipped teeth of the bracts, in this character being like several of the 
common European plants. ŒE. stricta and its var. tatarica are European 
and possibly introduced in America, though the variety seems like an 
indigenous plant. It is possible, then, that E. canadensis and ʻE. 
americana are derivatives of E. nemorosa and of E. stricta (doubtfully 
ind: genous in America) or of some closely related European species 
introduced into eastern Canada and eastern Maine by the earliest 
European colonists, in the 16th or 17th centuries; and, being annuals, 
the plants have, during hundreds of generations, departed sufficiently 
frorn their ancestors now to stand as true American species. (See 
alsc notes under £F. stricta and E. americana). 
The Monhegan Island material referred here is not in satisfactory 
condition and further collections may show it to belong, rather, to 
E. stricta. 
9. E. srricra Host, Fl. Austr. ii. 185 (1831); Wettstein, Monogr. 
d. Gatt. Euphrasia, 93 (1896), which see for detailed synonymy. 
E. borealis Fernald, Ruopora, ix. 163 (1907) and x. 201 (1908), not 
(Towns.) Wettst.— Plant 0.5-3 dm. high, usually rather strict, with a 
few short ascending branches mostly from near the middle of the 
stera, occasionally bushy-branched; internodes rather short, 1-2 cm. 
long: leaves small, the primary ones 3-10 mm. long, glabrous, few- 
toożhed; the teeth coarse, acute: spikes long, dense and rather slen- 
der, the primary becoming 0.4-2.5 dm. long: bracts 10-30 pairs, 
glabrous, small, ascending, the upper imbricated, the lowest rarely 
more than 1 em. apart; teeth very sharp, bristle-tipped: corolla large, 
6-8 mm. long, exceeding the bracts, pale with deep-violet lines; upper 
lip more purplish, bilobed, each lobe semi-reflexed, truncate and 
denticulate; lower lip fan-shaped, the lateral lobes wide-spreading.— 
Dry fields and sterile grasslands, Newfoundland to Maine and northern 
New York; also Europe. NEWFOUNDLAND: fields, St. John’s, July 
31, 1894, Robinson & Schrenk, no. 102; damp soil, Torbay, August, 
1901, Howe & Lang, no. 1450. QUEBEC: damp hollow, near mouth 
of Grand River, Gaspé County, August 11-15, 1904, Collins, Fernald 
& Pease; dry calcareous soil, Les Murailles, Percé, August 17, 1904, 
Coltins, Fernald & Pease; sandy grassland, New Carlisle, July 28, 
1902, Williams & Fernald; gravelly soil, Giroux, July 26, 1902, 
Williams & Fernald. Prince EDWARD ISLAND: grassy roadsides 
nea? Cozen’s Pond, August 29, 1912, Fernald, Long & St. John, no. 
8027. New Brunswick: Campbellton, August 29, 1905, J. Fowler; 
pas-ure, Miscou Harbor, August 26, 1913, S. F. Blake, no. 5543a. 
