VOL. Iv.] Contributions to Western Botany. 261 
of the California Academy. Thissimulates 7. grandiflora very 
closely but a specimen collected by Tweedy in May at a place in 
Gallatin County, Montana, tends to connect it with 7. floréfer. 
The heads are larger, and stems two to three inches high, 
spreading, lax; leaves spatulate, obtuse, and like those of 7. 
scapigera. Itis separable from 7. flortifer only by the perennial 
root, and the scales. ‘The pappus of disk and ray are equal, and 
the ray is glabrous. 
Townsendia florifer, scapigera, and Watsoni are manifestly 
much confused. The first was originally described as a perennial 
and is certainly a biennial at least, the second was described as 
perennial and is manifestly such but blooms the second year, 
the third is not a good species unless it covers many things 
referred to the first and the second by Gray, while its real 
character, a winter annual seems to have been overlooked by 
Gray or confused with the others. 
Townsendia florifer (Hook.) Gray, as I understand it, is con- 
fined to Oregon, Washington and northwestern Nevada. It isa 
little ashy, but the leaves are usually nearly glabrous, and thick 
as though succulent; involucral scales about one-half as many as 
in 7. Parryi, and definitely separable from that species only by 
the scales, which are green and ashy and much less imbricated; 
stems spreading, two to four inches long; leaves spatulate to 
linear-spatulate, shortly apiculate, the blade as long as petiole; 
heads one-half inch high and three-fourths inch wide; pappus 
equal in all the specimens I have seen. This is drawn from 
specimens in the California Academy from Washington, Brande- 
gee, Howell; Virginia City, Nevada, Brandegee. Another form 
from Walla Walla by Mr. Brandegee has linear-spatulate leaves, 
acute, one to two inches long, and solitary heads on stout, leafy 
peduncles, which are ascending, and four to five inches long, 
rarely branched in the middle; whole plant ashy strigose to the 
scales; heads one-half inch high and very many. All the above 
forms are biennials. The rays are rough with yellow sessile 
glands on the outside. The plants seem to be confined to the 
valleys at low elevations, but may ascend the lower slopes of the 
mountains. 
