VOL, Iv.] Trees of Southern California. 349 
and irregular. Fils. March. Attaining its greatest development 
in the desert region, throughout which it is scattered, either 
solitary, or rarely in small groups, on dry hillsides or in washes, 
up to 4000 feet altitude. In similar places, but less frequent and 
smaller, from 1500 feet altitude along the southern base of the 
San Bernardino Range to the coast. In the Death Valley Report, 
page 202, Mr. Coville restricts the name Y. daccata to the acau- 
lescent forms, separating those with trunks as Y. macrocarpa 
Coville, zon Engelm. on the ground of their arborescence, smaller 
flowers and yellowish-green leaves. 
Yucca brevifolia questing Bot. King Exp. 496; Trelease, 4th 
Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 193. Y. arborescens Trelease 3d Rep. 163; 
Merriam, N. A. Fauna vii, 353; Coville, Death Vall. Rep. 2o1. 
Uncouth tree, angularly branched, 30 feet high, trunk 18 inches 
in diameter. Fls. April; Fr. August. On dry benches and hills 
along the northern base of the San Bernardino Range, from 
Cushenberry Springs to Gorman’s Ranch, at the upper end of 
Antelope Valley, occupying a belt between 2500 and 4000 feet alti- 
tude and forming an open forest, interrupted in places, and vary- 
ing in width, the greatest said to be opposite the Cajon Pass, 12 
miles (Merriam), where a few trees are also found a short distance 
south of the summit. At Cactus Station, at the head of Cushen- 
berry Cafion, there is a considerable grove at 5000 feet altitude 
at the Upper edge of the pifion belt. An interrupted belt is also 
found between Daggett and Pilot Knob (Merriam). 
Washingtonia filifera Wendl. W. robusta Wendl. Handsome 
tree 60 feet high, the trunk 3 feet in diameter. A cultivated tree 
at Los Angeles, 42 years old, measures 60 feet in height and 
10 feet 7 inches in circumference. One at San Bernardino in 
adobe soil, 22 years old, is 32 feet high and 9 feet 2 inches in 
circumference. Flowers on the desert in June, and fruit ripens 
in September; cultivated trees at San Bernardino flower in 
August, fruit ripening in February. This palm grows, often in 
extensive groves, in wet and usually alkaline soil at the bases of 
the mountains along the eastern borders of the depression in the 
Colorado desert once occupied by an inland sea; a few scattered 
trees mark the channel by which it was connected with the Gulf 
of California (Ovcutt.) ‘The groves extend for several miles up 
