ZOOLOGY. 75 
[The rest of the Aculeata, including the social-wasps, bees, etc., remain unworkee, 
no contributor having been willing to undertake the large amount of material obtained 
in these groups. The late Lieutenant-Colonel Bingham commenced the study of the 
Diploptera shortly before his death, but nothing was published. ] 
36-38. LeprpopreRA Ruopanocers. Vols. I., IL. (text), III. (plates): by F. D. Godman 
and QO, Salvin; with (in Vol. II.) a Note on the Group Eumeidi by 
S. H. Scudder. 
Vol. I. of the Butterflies, published in 1879-1886, the Introduction excepted, gives 
an account of the Nymphalide—including the subfamilies Danaine, Satyrine, 
Morphine, Brassoline, Acreine, Heliconiine, and Nymphaline,—Libytheide, and 
Erycinide. Vol. IL. includes the enumeration of the Lyceenide (published in 1887), 
Papilionide, including the subiamilies Pierine and Papilionine (1889-1893), and 
Hesperiide (Hesperiine, 1893-1899, Pamphiline, by Godman alone, 1900-1901); a 
Supplement to the whole subject by Godman, pp. 638-741 (1901); and a Note on the 
Group Eumeidi, pp. 110-112, published in 1887, by Scudder. The Introduction to 
Vol. I. (pp. v-xlvi), by Godman, issued on the conclusion of Vol. II., in 1901, contains a 
description of the physical conformation of each of the countries belonging to the Central- 
American region; an explanation of the classification adopted ; remarks on the leading 
forms belonging to each of the six families recognized (Nymphalide, Libytheide, 
Erycinidw, Lycenide, Papilionide, and Hesperiide) ; a Table showing the geographical 
distribution of the genera (pp. xxli-xxvii) ; particulars as to the sources from whence 
the material was obtained, with the names of the collectors and some remarks on the 
places visited by them; and a systematic list of the whole of the species figured (1206) 
in the two Volumes (pp. xxxi-xlv), the plates numbering 112 in all. Altogether, 1805 
species (Nymphalide 588, Libytheide 1, Erycinide: 240, Lycenide 234, Papilionide 186, 
and Hesperiide 556) are enumerated, 376 of which are described as new, and 18 others 
from South America are added in foot-notes. In the Hesperiide the genitalia of most 
of the species are figured, many closely allied forms being definitely separable by these 
male-structures, and some of the species of the genus Papilio are similarly illustrated. 
The study of these insects is said to prove conclusively (1) that the fauna is mainly 
a northern extension of that of Tropical South America, extending on the Pacific side 
to Mazatian in Mexico and on the Atlantic side to a little beyond Ciudad Victoria 
in Tamaulipas, with many peculiarly modified forms in the region; (2) that 
there are a considerable number of Nearctic genera and species coming down the 
central plateau a certain distance into Mexico, and some even to Guatemala ; (3) that 
there are no strictly alpine forms; (4) that the fauna of the Atlantic slope to perhaps 
as far south as Costa Rica is incomparably richer than the Pacific; (5) that some of 
the purely tropical genera do not reach north of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, or Panama. 
The publication of the concluding portion of the Rhopalocera, as in the case of the 
L2 
