ARACHNIDA. 125 
confirms evidence supplied by other groups for a direct land-connection by way of the 
Antarctic or the South Pacific between South America and Australia. 
‘The family of the Bothriuride is represented in South America by many genera and 
species, occurring mainly in Patagonia, Chili, the Argentine, Buenos Ayres, and Brazil. 
Beyond the limits of South America the family is unknown, save fur the occurrence 
of the single genus and species, Cercophonius squama, which is found all over 
Australia, apart from its northern portions, and in Tasmania. Since South America 
is obviously the headquarters of the family, it may be inferred that this element of 
the fauna of Australia was received directly from South America; but since this 
Scorpion, like all Scorpions, is absent from New Zealand, it may be further inferred 
that New Zealand formed no part of the land connecting Australia and South 
America at the time the ancestor of the Scorpion in question migrated from 
South America. 
The Scorpions thus supply evidence for a transatlantic connection between tropical 
Africa and South America and for a transpacific connection between South America 
and Australia: by means of the former America may have received certain elements 
of its Scorpion fauna, by means of the latter it may have contributed something to 
the fauna of Australia. 
Order PEDIPALPI. 
The existing Pedipalpi of the suborder Urotricha are referred to a single family, 
the Thelyphonide, which extends in the Old World, where it is represented by many 
genera, from India to Austro-Malaysia and northwards to China and the Philippine 
Islands; and in America from the Southern States of the Union to Brazil. ‘Two 
genera only are known from America, Thelyphonellus from the Amazons and Mastigo- 
proctus. The latter is represented by a few species in Brazil, a few in the Lesser and 
Greater Antilles and two in Central America, one recorded from Guatemala, the other 
from Mexico (Cordova, Jalisco, Guerrero, etc.). The Mexican species extends into 
Texas and adjoining States of North America. 
The nearest ally of Mastigoproctus appears to be the eastern Himalayan genus 
Uroproctus. This fact, coupled with the occurrence of the family in China, points to 
its former existence throughout the countries bordering the North Pacific, when tropical 
or warm temperate conditions prevailed there. If this be so, the tropical American 
forms must be regarded as immigrants from the north. 
One point connected with the distribution of the group in Central America is its 
apparent absence from the States to the south of Guatemala. Nevertheless. it occurs 
in the Greater and Lesser Antilles (Haiti, Martinique) and in Brazil. Possibly 
therefore it made its way from Central into South America by means of an Antillean 
route. 
