126 ORIGIN, ETC., OF THE FAUNA. 
The Amblypygous Pedipalpi have a wider range than the Urotricha. In the Old 
World they are represented by two families, the Tarantulide ( =Phrynichide) which 
range from Siam, through India, and Arabia into tropical and South Africa, but are 
absent from Madagascar, and the Charontide which have their headquarters in 
Further India, whence they spread westwards to the Seychelles and eastward to the 
Solomon Islands. Like the Urotricha they are absent from Australia *. 
The suborder is represented in tropical and subtropical America by the family 
Phrynide, which is unknown in the Old World. Of the two subfamilies, the 
Heterophrynine are essentially South American, but are unknown in the Antilles. 
One species, however, which for want of accurate determination I have provisionally 
referred to the Demeraran H. chiracanthus, has been recorded from Central America 
without further particulars as to locality. 
The Phrynine have a much wider range, extending from North America, throughout 
Central America and the West Indies, into South America, Acanthophrynus is known 
only from California and Mexico (Durango). Of Phrynus, one species ranges from 
Texas to Nicaragua; two occur in Guatemala and are not known elsewhere, and one in 
Panama, the latter being found also in Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, and Barbados. 
Other species occur in the Lesser and Greater Antilles and the northern part of South 
America. The third genus, Hemiphrynus, ranges from Mexico (Tuxtla, Oaxaca, Teapa, 
etc.), through Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama into South America, Although 
unknown in the Antilles, there is an outlying species in the Bahamas. 
CoNCLUSION. 
The Pedipalpi supply no evidence of a mid-Atlantic land-connection between Africa 
and America, and none of the existence of a continuous or partial Antarctic land 
joining the southern continents. Nor in the case of America do they help much in the 
definition of the regions and subregions indicated by the Scorpions. One or two points 
may, however, be touched upon. 
The occurrences of Acanthophrynus in California and Mexico, of Phrynus whitet in 
Texas and Mexico, of Mastigoproctus giganteus } in several of the Southern States of 
America and all over Mexico, affiliate the latter country faunistically with the southern 
portions of North America. The Sonoran area thus defined differs from South 
* One species of Urotricha belonging to the genus Thelyphonus has, however, been recorded from Cape 
York, the extreme northern point of Australia. 
+ Since the Pedipalpi and Scorpions have existed from the Carboniferous with comparatively slight 
structural changes, they cannot be regarded as plastic organisms. In my opinion, therefore, species, genera, 
and families have greater significance from the geographical standpoint than groups of those ranks in the 
Mammalia. 
