INTRODUCTION. Xiil 
style of marking common to various butterflies inhabiting the same districts. 
The Ithomiina appear to be replaced in the Oriental region by Euplea and its allies, 
which belong to the group Danaina. 
The Satyrine inhabiting Central America are distributed by us under sixteen 
genera, all South-American but three; two of these, Paramecera and Drucina, have 
not been recorded from outside our limits, and the third, Gyrocheilus, is apparently 
confined to Mexico and the United States. Nearly half the total number of species 
are referred to Euptychia, which extends north of the Mexican frontier, as well as into 
South America. Of this subfamily various southern genera do not reach our region, 
as Steroma, Dedalma, Lasiophila, Corades, Pia, &c., though most of these are 
represented in the northern part of the South-American continent. So far as we 
are aware, three only of the Central-American genera of this subfamily have been 
recorded from the West-Indian Islands, and these have never been confirmed. ‘The 
transparent-winged forms, Callitera, &c., are not found north of Nicaragua, and Cervis, 
Oressinoma, and Pronophila only enter the southern part of ourcountry. Lymanopoda, 
Pedaliodes, Oxeoschistus, Pronophila, and Drucina inhabit the forest-clad mountain- 
slopes of the Cordillera at a considerable elevation ; and Antirrhea, Hetera, Pierella, 
and Callitera frequent shady places in dense forest at a lower altitude. Some of 
the species are extremely local, e. g., Drucina championt and Euptychia nelsoni, 
conspicuous forms which are only known from a very restricted locality on the Pacific 
slope of Guatemala. Taygetis includes some very variable forest-species, their wings 
on the underside resembling dead leaves. 
The Morphine are represented by the single well-known genus Morpho, of 
which we have mentioned nine species as occurring in Central America, less 
than half of these reaching Guatemala. | Its northern limits—Tampico on the 
Atlantic side (M. peleides) and Mazatlan on the Pacific (M. polyphemus) —indicate 
very clearly where the tropical insect-fauna ceases, though southwards the genus 
extends to the Argentine Republic. These magnificent butterflies are eminently 
characteristic of Tropical America, there being nothing quite analogous to them in the 
warmer parts of the Eastern Hemisphere; all the Old World Morphine are of a 
different type, and in general appearance more like some of the Brassoline. The 
beautiful, delicate, opalescent forms apparently do not reach so far north as the Isthmus 
of Panama, though we possess a specimen of M. sulkowskii labelled “Costa Rica,” but 
this locality requires confirmation. ‘The pearly-white I. polyphemus, which is not 
