4 RHOPALOCERA. 
It may be questioned whether this species is distinct from D. gilippus (Cr. Pap. Ex. 
t. 26. f. C, D), the patria of which is Rio Janeiro, whence we have several specimens, 
and others which we attribute to the same race from Ceard and Maranham, in Northern 
Brazil. As a rule, Central-American examples differ from these in the universal absence 
on the upper surface of white markings at the end of the cell of the secondary wings, 
whereas the nervures beneath are edged with white; but the development of these 
marks is by no means constant in Brazilian examples. ‘Thus, in default of other trust- 
worthy characters, it is not always easy to define certain Central-American specimens 
as distinct from others from Brazil. 
Central-American specimens come nearest to Cramer’s figures of his Papilio berenice’ ; 
but in many the nervules on the upper surface of the secondary wings are edged 
with grey to a variable extent; and upon this character Mr. Bates based his 
D. strigosa*. Though noticeable in very many examples, we do not consider this 
character sufficiently established to justify our retaining this name, seeing that 
we find some specimens without any such markings, together with others bearing 
them to a prominent extent. DD. thersippus°’, based upon a _ single male 
specimen from Panama, seems, by the light of other specimens from the same and 
neighbouring localities, to be an extreme individual variety of the more ordinary form. 
The deep dull reddish-brown colour which characterizes this specimen is repeated in 
another from Costa Rica almost to the same extent; and looking through our series we 
can trace almost every link between this specimen and the ordinary typical form. 
This widely ranging common species is found in abundance in all open sunny places 
up to an elevation of 5000 to 6000 feet. 
ITUNA. 
Ituna, Doubleday, Gen. Diurn. Lep. i. p. 118 (1847). 
Subccstal of primaries with one branch before the end of the cell; cell of the 
secondaries short and triangular; lower and middle discocellulars placed at a large 
acute angle to the submedian; no wart-like knob near the first median branch in 
either sex. 
The three species constituting this genus are spread over Central America and South 
America (except Guiana and the Lower Amazon) as far south as the Brazilian province 
of Rio Janeiro. tuna is a peculiarly neotropical genus, not passing to the northwards 
of Southern Mexico. All the species seem to affect mountainous districts, though J. 
phenarete has been taken in the Upper Amazon. In having tufts of hair at the 
extremity of the abdomen, and none on the costal region of the secondary wings, the 
relationship of /¢una to Lycorea and Danais is shown. 
