HELICONIUS. 147 
from the type, and approach the more northern H. zuleika in coloration. H. zuleika, 
on the other hand, is also subject to variation in the colour of the spots of the primaries, 
and thus approaches H. jucundus; so that there seems to be almost a gradual passage 
from one to the other. 
The most obvious distinction between the two is the black transverse band of the 
secondaries, present in H. jucundus, but absent in H. zuletka. In some specimens of 
the former this is evanescent, and in one entirely wanting. The colour of the spots of 
the primaries is another distinctive character, those of H. jucundus being white, and 
those of H. zuleika yellow ; but we have specimens of the former in which some spots 
are yellow and others white; and in some, as in the type of H. xanthicus, they are all 
yellow. In H. zuletka, on the other hand, the same thing occurs in a few specimens 
from the southern extremity of its range; some of the spots are white, and some yellow; 
and in one from the western part of the State of Panama all the spots are white, as 
in H. jucundus. The best guide to distinguish these insects seems to be the colour 
of the base of the cell of the primaries. This part in H. jucundus is orange-tawny, 
the costa alone and a spot in the middle of the cell being black, whereas in H. zuleika 
the costa, this spot, and the whole of the base of the cell are uniform black, which 
colour unites with the black of the apex of the wing. 
As regards H. xanthicus, which Mr. Bates separated from H. jucundus with some 
hesitation 1, we are now of opinion that it is not deserving of this distinction, as it is 
found with H. jucundus, and a series of specimens in our collection unites it with that 
species by almost insensible steps. 
H, jucundus seems to be common about the line of railway across the isthmus of 
Panama, whence the late James M‘Leannan sent us a quantity of specimens. In its 
typical coloration it seems almost restricted to this limited district, as in the western 
portions of the State of Panama H. zuletka entirely supplants it. 
7. Heliconius zuleika. 
Heliconia zuleika, Hew. Ex. Butt., Hel. t. 3. f. 10'; Boisd. Lép. Guat. p. 307. 
Heliconius zuleika, Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 351°. 
H. jucundo similis, sed maculis anticarum flavis, nec albis, cellula ad basin tota nigra nec aurantiaco-fulva, et 
fascia transversa posticarum absente, diversus. 
Hab. Guatemata, Yzabal (Ff. D.G. & O. S.); Nicaracua!? (Bridges), Chontales 
(Janson) ; Costa Rica (Van Patten?), Volcan de Trazu (fogers); Panama, Volcan de 
Chiriqui, 2000 to 3000 feet (Champion), Veraguas (‘Arcé). 
As will be seen above, this species has a much wider range than H. jucundus, 
extending as far north as Guatemala, where, however, it is rare, the only specimens we 
have from there having been captured by ourselves in the forests close to Yzabal. In 
Nicaragua and thence southwards to the State of Panama it is much more common, 
U2 
