148 RHOPALOCERA. 
judging from the number of specimens that have been sent from those places. It 
is along its southern border, in the State of Panama, that varieties occur, some 
specimens having the spots of the primaries white, some yellow and white. One of 
our Guatemala examples has indications of a transverse band on the secondaries. 
This is a forest-loving species, flying under the shade of the largest trees, not far 
from the ground. 
8. Heliconius octavia. (Tab. XVII. figg. 9, 10.) 
Heliconius octavia, Bates, Ent. Monthl. Mag. iii. p. 86°. 
Alis anticis productis, costa arcuata margine externo paulo incurvo, nigris, regione ven mediane ferrugineo- 
fulva, fasciis duabus maculosis flavis, una a coste medio ad marginem externum, altera transversa apud 
apicem, et punctis quinque submarginalibus flavis ; posticis ferrugineo-fulvis, margine nigro maculis sub- 
marginalibus flavis notato. Subtus ut supra, sed alis obscurioribus et colore fulvo rufo-brunneo, posticis 
area interna lilacino tincta et plaga magna costali notatis, antennis nigris. 
9 mari similis, sed maculis anticarum fulvis nec flavis, colore ferrugineo alarum multo magis fulvo, stria fulva 
apud venam medianam ad angulum analem extensa et antennis plerumque flavis distinguenda. 
Hab. Guatemaua, Duefias (F. D. G. & O. 8.1), Pandn, Las Mercedes, San Isidro, 
Cerro Zunil, Volcan de Atitlan, Mirandilla (Champion). 
This species and H. formosus belong to a small section of the genus Heliconius, the 
members of which have each a species of Zithorea with a similar pattern of coloration. 
Thus H. octavia has a close colour resemblance to 7. duenna. 
H. octavia is a rare species in Guatemala, being confined, so far as we know, to the 
forests of the mountains sloping towards the Pacific Ocean. It was here that we first 
met with it, on the road from Duefias to the coast, between the volcanos of Agua and 
Fuego, at an altitude of about 4000 feet. It is also found at a much lower level, as 
Mr. Champion, to whom we are indebted for a fine series of specimens, took it at 
various places in the Pacific coast region of Guatemala, as low as 1500 feet above the 
sea. To Mr. Champion we owe the discovery of the female of this butterfly, of which 
he hassent us several specimens. These differ from the males, as pointed out above, an 
unusual circumstance in this genus, the sexes in which are nearly alike in their coloration. 
9. Heliconius formosus. (Tab. XVII. figg. 7, 8.) 
Heliconius formosus, Bates, Ent. Monthl. Mag. iii. p. 87’; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 851°. 
Heliconius hecalesia, Bates, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 247° (nec Hew.). 
H. octavie similis et eadem figura, sed supra anticis fere omnino nigris, posticis colore marginis nigro ad apicem 
concentrato, colore lilacino ares discoidalis absente, distinguendus. 
Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Belt); Costa Rica (Van Patten”); Panama, Volcan de 
Chiriqui, 2000 to 3000 feet (Champion, Arcé), Veraguas (Arcé) Lion-Hill station 
(M‘Leannan **), 
This species takes the place of the Guatemalan H. octavia in the southern section of 
