HELICONIUS. 155 
é. Wings blue-black, with a white or yellow band across the primaries, sometimes with 
secondaries margined with white or yellow. 
18. Heliconius galanthus. (Tab. XVIII. figg. 1, 2.) 
Heliconius galanthus, Bates, Ent. Monthl. Mag. i. p. 581; Butl. & Druce, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 351’. 
Heliconia diotrephes, Hew. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1869, p. 33°. 
Alis chalybeio-indigoticis, anticis in medio late albis et venis divisis fere dimidium ale occupante, macula disco- 
 cellulari ad costam conjuncta nigra, apicibus coloris ejusdem; posticis ad apicem punctis variis albis 
notatis; subtus dilutioribus, posticis fuscis, costa (nisi basin versus) et linea plus minusve ovata in area 
discali rufis, posticis (interdum quoque anticis) punctis albis marginatis, costa ad basin flavescente. 
Hab. British Honpuras, Rio Hondo (Llancaneaux); GuaTeMALA, Choctum, Motagua 
valley (Ff. D. G. & O. 8.1), Polochic valley (Hague), Cubilguitz, Sabo, Senahu, and San 
Juan (Champion) ; Nicaragua, Chontales? (Belt, Janson), Greytown (Muncaster) ; Costa 
Rica (Van Patten ?), Volcan de Irazu and Cache (Rogers).—W. CoLomBIa. 
Mr. Bates’s description of this species was based upon specimens obtained by us in 
the forests of Eastern Guatemala in 1862, where it has since been found in various 
places by Mr. Hague’s collectors, and more recently by Mr. Champion. It also appears 
to be by no means an uncommon butterfly in the district of Chontales in Nicaragua 
and in Costa Rica; but in the State of Panama its place seems to be taken by an allied 
species (1. chioneus), which differs in having a broad white submarginal border to the 
secondaries. Curiously enough a species so closely resembling H. galanthus that we 
hesitate to separate it, reappears in Western Colombia in the neighbourhood of San 
Buenaventura. 
The Nicaraguan insect was separated by Hewitson? under the name of H. diotrephes, 
on account of the presence of a submarginal row of white spots near the apex of the 
primaries beneath, and the secondaries being distinguished by having the base of the costa 
yellow. Neither of these characters is peculiar to the Nicaraguan butterfly, as both 
are to be traced in some specimens in the Guatemalan form, though with less distinctness. 
In the Colombian race these characters are much more strongly impressed ; and did 
they show more stability it would be necessary to give this insect a separate name. As 
it is, we prefer to treat them all under the title H. galanthus, and the species as one 
of wide range. 
Heliconius galanthus is found in the same forests as H. leuce, just as H. chioneus is 
found with H. sappho, the main difference between the associated species being in 
the coloration of the underside of the secondaries—H. galanthus and H. chioneus 
having russet streaks across, H. leuce and H. sappho red spots at the base of these 
wings. In the northern parts of South America we find several other species paired, 
as it were, in this singular way. In Colombia we find H. cydno of the H. galanthus 
form with H. eleuchia of the H. leuce form, and again in Ecuador ZH. alithea of the 
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