218 RHOPALOCERA. 
GuateMana, Polochic valley (Hague); Costa Rica (Van Patten ®).—Europs, Azores and 
Canary Islands; Asta and Japan; Arrica and Madagascar. 
We have examples of the true P. cardui from Corosal, almost at the sea-level, in 
British Honduras, from the hot valley of the Polochic in Guatemala, and also from 
Costa Rica. It is one of the commonest butterflies throughout North America and 
Europe, and is also found in Asia and Africa. From all this area we have specimens 
which show scarcely any variation in their markings. 
2. Pyrameis kershawi. 
Cynthia kershawii, M‘Coy, Ann. & Mag. N. H. ser. 4, i. p. 76°. 
P. cardui simillimus, sed posticis ocellis tribus angulum analem propioribus ceruleo-pupillatis. 
Hab. Costa Rica, Trazu (Rogers).— AUSTRALIA !. 
Mr. F. M‘Coy separated the Australian form of P. cardui under the above name in 
consequence of all the specimens from that country having the pupils of the last three 
submarginal spots and two small spots at the anal angle of the posterior wings bright 
blue. In all other respects they agree with P. cardui. We have two examples, sent 
us by Mr. Rogers from Irazu in Costa Rica, which have precisely these markings, and 
are consequently undistinguishable from the Australian insect. Hence, if P. kershawt 
is to be admitted as a distinct species, it must be included in the Central-American 
fauna, though its occurrence at two such widely separated places seems to cast some 
doubt on the value of such slight specific characters ; and this is of more weight, as in 
two or three specimens of P. cardui from North America we find slight but decided 
indications of these blue markings. 
3. Pyrameis huntera. 
Papilio huntera, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 499°. 
Pyrameis huntera, Strecker, Butt. N. Am. p. 188°; Dist. Proc. Ent. Soc. 1876, p. xii*. 
Pyrameis carye, Butl. & Druce, P. Z.S. 1874, p. 346* (nec Hiibner). 
P. cardui similis, sed anticis macula ultra cellulam fulva nec alba plerumque distinguenda ; ocellis duabus 
posticarum pagine inferioris magnis quoque differt. 
Hab. Norto America, from Canada southwards?.—MeExico, Oaxaca (Fenochio) ; 
GuateMALA, Duefias, Los Altos and central valleys (7. D. G. & O. S.), San Gerénimo 
(Champion), Polochic valley (Hague); Costa Rica (Van Patten +), Talamanca (Gadd) 3 | 
Volcan de Irazu and San Francisco (Rogers); Panama, Chiriqui (Arcé, Champion).— 
AntiLLes, Haiti and Jamaica; Sovrn America, Andes from Colombia to Bolivia, 
Argentine Republic; Canary IsLanps. 
This species may readily be distinguished from P. cardui by its brighter colour on 
the underside, and in having two large ocelli on the posterior wings in place of the 
row of submarginal spots. It is an exceedingly common insect throughout the whole 
of America from Canada to the Argentine Republic. 
