240 RHOPALOCERA. 
Rica (Van Patten®), Caché (Rogers); Panama, Bugaba (Arcé), Chiriqui (Champion), 
Lion Hill (M‘Leannan).—CoLomBia ; VENEZUELA!; JAMAICA. 
Though differences can be traced between some Guatemalan specimens of this species 
and those from Nicaragua &c., we hesitate to separate them, as neither are very constant 
in their markings. The more northern specimens have a less distinct dark apex to the 
primaries, and the tawny spot sometimes almost blends with the rest of the wing thus 
coloured. Nicaraguan examples, as well as those found in Costa Rica and Panama, 
agree with Colombian and Venezuelan specimens, and belong, no doubt, to the species 
from the latter country named WN. canthara. Guatemalan specimens, on the other 
hand, are not unlike the Brazilian NV. flavilla as figured by Hiibner; but they have no 
indication on the upperside of the dark transverse band which crosses both wings 
beneath. | 
The Amazonian form, NW. sylvestris, Bates, has a dark apex to the primaries, in which 
is a white spot. 
In the variations of the dark apex of the primaries, V. canthara seems to follow 
exactly the modifications of that of Temenis ariadne found in the same district. 
In Guatemala Mica canthara is not uncommon in the hotter parts of the country up 
to an elevation of about 3000 feet. 
EPICALIA. 
Epicalia, Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 256 (1850). 
~ Catonephele, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. p. 40; Kirby, Cat. Diurn. Lep. p. 202. 
The genus Epicalia contains about seventeen species, all of which are confined to the 
Neotropical Region. In Central America we know of five species, three of which reach 
Southern Mexico, and are distributed over nearly the whole of our region. Of the 
other two, one (EZ. chromis) is found in Costa Rica and the adjoining parts of Panama, 
and reappears again in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; the fifth is the widely 
dispersed LZ. acontius, which just enters our borders in the State of Panama. In most 
of the species of Epicalia the sexes are very different in their markings—so much so, 
that for a long time males and females were treated as different species. Mr. Bates’s 
observations, however, made when resident in the valley of the Amazons, enabled him 
to correct the errors of his predecessors ; and with the clue thus afforded the sexes of 
the different species have now been correctly paired so far as we can see. 
In Epicalia the subcostal nervure throws off two branches before the end of the cell: 
the upper discocellular is very short, the middle angular, its chord running nearly at 
right angles to the subcostal; lower discocellular nearly straight, in a line with the 
chord of the middle discocellular, and meeting the median nervure some way beyond 
the origin of the second branch; the costal nervure somewhat swollen towards its base, 
the median not so. The front legs of the male are slightly hairy; coxa> $femur-+ 
