86 Fe Rhodora : Ue one [May 
possible hybrid between C. alpina and C. lutetiana. In eastern 
America the range of our three species does not coincide and there is 
little to suggest hybrid characters. C. latifolia is an essentially south- 
ern species, reaching its northeastern limit in southern and eastern 
Ontario, southern Quebec, southern Coos County, New Hampshire, 
central Maine, and southwestern New Brunswick. C. alpina is a 
boreal species, extending from southern Labrador to Alaska and south- 
ward across northern New England and northern New York, becoming 
local in southern New England and along the mountains to Georgia, 
and westward in the Great Lake region, ete. C. intermedia, although 
credited with a broad range in the 7th edition of Gray’s Manual, 
proves to be a rather local plant, characteristic of rich alluvial woods 
from Bonaventure County to Lake St. John, Quebec, and southward 
to Nova Scotia, Cumberland County, Maine, Cheshire County, 
New Hampshire, and Berkshire County, Massachusetts. In the 
greater portion of its range C. intermedia is not coincident with both 
C. alpina and C. latifolia and it seems to be unquestionably a true 
species which combines some of the characters of the other two. 
That the plant should not, however, be called C. intermedia becomes 
apparent upon examining the plate of Circaea in Hill’s Vegetable Sys- 
tem, x. t. 21 (1765); for there the left hand figure on the plate is a 
beautiful representation of the Canadian and New England plant 
which is identified with C. intermedia, illustrated as a new species, 
C. canadensis, and given the very distinctive English name “'Toothed 
Enchanters Nightshade” on account of the salient teeth of the broadly 
cordate-ovate leaves. Not only in its habit and foliage does the plate 
clearly show the American C. intermedia but the flowers are of the 
correct size and the fruiting pedicels merely spreading. 
This species, C. canadensis Hill, was described with “toothed” 
leaves, a “native of North America; a Plant of 10 inches high, flower- 
ing in August. The Stalk is green; the Flowers are white, with a 
dash of crimson.” The crimson dash referred to comes from the 
crimson calyx which is ordinarily strongly contrasted in C. canadensis 
(C. intermedia) with the white petals. C. canadensis Hill (1765) thus 
antedates by 24 years C. intermedia Ehrh. (1789), and under the earlier 
name the species should be known. Whether Hill’s C. canadensis 
was supposed by him to have anything to do with the C. canadensis, 
latifolia, flore albo of Tournefort ' which was the basis for the Linnean 
! Tourn. Inst, 301 (1700). 
