1917] Butters,— Studies in Ferns — Botrychium 211 
segmentis frondis sterilis ultimis spathulatis, penultimis ovatis haud 
confertis, segmentis frondis fertilis ultimis angustis complanatis, 
sporangiis flavis ad 0.8 mm. longis. 
This variety occurs in Nova Scotia, New England and northern 
New York, and also in Illinois and Missouri. The following speci- 
mens, in the Gray Herbarium belong to this variety: 
Nova Scota: hardwood forest, Indian Brook, valley of the Bar- 
rassis River, Cape Breton Island, July-August 1915, G. E. Nichols 
no. 1562. 
MAINE: open springy meadows, Brownville, July 18, 1905, Knight 
and Parlin no. 1913. 
VERMONT: Arlington, July 5, 1913, N. H. Blanchard no. 57. 
MassacuusEtts: dry rocky upland woods, North Adams, June 25, 
1913, Fernald and Long no. 8374 (N. E.). 
Connecticut: rich woods, North Guilford, June 22, 1906, G. H. 
Bartlett. 
New York: moist woods, Canton, June 25, 1914, Orra P. Phelps no. 
47 (TYPE); Pierrepont, July 10, 1914, O. P. Phelps no. 48; moist woods, 
Norfolk, July 7, 1914, O. P. Phelps no. 50 (all in St. Lawrence Co.). 
Inturnors: rich woods, C. H. and D. bridge, Macon Co., May 21, 
1915, I. W. Clokey, no. 2387. 
Missouri: rich woods, Monteer, May 26, 1907, B. F. Bush no. 
4724; Whiteside, June 13, 1910, John Davis. 
BoTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM var. EUROPAEUM Angstrém is also some- 
what intermediate in character but quite unlike the variety just dis- 
cussed. The fertile frond is less finely dissected than in typical 
Botrychium virginianum, and the ultimate segments are usually more 
obtuse than in that plant, but they show little of the spatulate form 
seen in var. laurentianum or var. intermedium. The pinnules are lanceo- 
late, and tend to be strongly decurrent so that the pinnae are usually 
merely pinnatifid. The sporangia resemble those of Botrychium 
virginianum rather than those of either of the varieties just described. 
They are somewhat larger than in the typical form (0.7-1.2 mm. long), 
and slightly lighter colored, but with a distinct dark stripe along the 
edge of the valves. Their dehiscence is wider than that of either of the 
varieties just described, and nearly as wide as that of Botrychium 
virginianum, but usually without the strong recurving of the valves 
seen in that form. The microscopic structure of the sporangium wall 
is somewhat intermediate between that of true Botrychium virginianum 
and that seen in the two varieties just discussed. Some irregular 
cells with sinuous walls are always present in the outer layer of the 
wall, but much of this layer is made up of nearly regular quadri- 
lateral cells. 
Like the majority of lowland plants common to temperate Europe 
1 Herbarium of the New England Botanical Club. 
