212 Rhodora [SEPTEMBER 
and North America, this variety is essentially a plant of the evergreen 
coniferous forests. In America it is a plant of the Canadian zone, 
and is confined largely to calcareous regions. In Europe it appears 
to be very rare. There are specimens in the Gray Herbarium from the 
Baltic regions of Sweden (Angermannland) and Russia (Petrograd 
and Novgorod). It is also reported from Bohemia. The European 
plant has conspicuously large sporangia, so also has the British Colum- 
bian plant, which is an exact match for the Russian plant in all respects. 
In the eastern United States the size of the sporangia is usually less 
and there is a complete intergradation between this variety and typical 
Botrychium virginianum. 
The following American specimens of this variety are in the Gray 
Herbarium: 
QueBEc: Montmorenci Falls, July 1, 1905, John Macoun. 
New Brunswick: St. Francis parish, July 29, 1900, Æ. F. Williams. 
New Hampsuire: Randolph, July 15, 1894, E. F. Williams; ib., 
July 18, 1894, E. F. Williams (N. E.).! 
VERMONT: rich woods, Westmore, July 24, 1903, R. A. Ware 
(N. E.). 
New York: Pierrepont, St. Lawrence Co., July 10, 1914, Orra P. 
Phelps no. 48. 
ONTARIO: sandy woods, Nepigon House, Lake Nepigon, July 15, 
1884, John Macoun; clay soil, Ouaman River, Hunder Bay district, 
H. E. Pulling. 
Montana: Swan Lake near Flathead Lake, August 25, 1908, Mrs. 
John Clemens (in part). ~ 
British CoLUMBIA: rich soil, avalanche path, Emerald Lake, alti- 
tude 4400 ft. (Rocky Mts.), July 1, 1904, C. H. Shaw no. 83; flood 
plain of Columbia River, Beavermouth, altitude 2400 ft., August 
18, 1905, C. H. Shaw no. 1157; woods, Carbonate (upper Columbia 
valley), altitude 3000 ft., July 8, 1904, 7. B. Snyder in Shaw’s Selkirk 
Flora no. 207; forest near mouth of Downie Creek (west slope of 
Selkirk Range), August 7, 1905, C. H. Shaw no. 1106; New West- 
minster, September 15, 1899, A. J. Hill. 
Besides the varieties of Botrychium virginianum in eastern and 
northern North America yet another one occurs in the far western 
states. It appears to bea direct development from the var. europaeum, 
and occasionally grows with that form. The sterile frond is exactly 
like that of the var. europaeum, but the sporangia are peculiar. In 
the species and its other varieties the sporangia are narrow at the base, 
and when one of them is sufficiently wide open so that the inside is 
visible, the narrow base appears as a funnel-like hole leading down 
from near the middle of the expanded upper portion. In this western 
variety, on the other hand, the base of the sporangia is very nearly 
its widest part. This broad base is herbaceous, and appears like a 
1 This is a somewhat peculiar specimen, see below, p. 213. 
