1917] Evans,— Notes on New England Hepaticae, XIV 267 
The gametophyte consists of a pale subterranean rhizome which 
branches sparingly and from which the erect leafy shoots arise. Both 
the rhizome and the leafy shoots are wholly destitute of rhizoids. 
Slime papillae, however, are produced in abundance. The leafy 
shoots are mostly 0.5-1 cm. high and are usually unbranched. The 
leaves are composed of thin-walled cells and vary in shape, some being 
entire and others variously incised or lobed. The shoots, in the upper 
part at least, are radial and show no evidence of dorsiventrality; in 
other words their broad leaves are in more than three ranks and no 
distinction can be drawn between lateral leaves and underleaves. 
The lack of dorsiventrality distinguishes Scalia from all other genera 
of the Hepaticae, but in Stephani’s opinion! this distinction is more 
apparent than real. According to his observations the leafy shoots 
are dorsiventral in the lower part, the leaves being in three ranks 
and showing a differentiation into lateral leaves and underleaves. 
This differentiation is not one of form or of size but simply of insertion, 
the lateral leaves being obliquely attached to the stem while the under- 
leaves are transverse. Stephani notes further that the radial structure 
of the shoot appears only in connection with the sexual organs and 
that many other leafy genera show a similar approach to a radial 
condition in their reproductive shoots. However this may be, the 
shoots of the Scalia present a very distinctive appearance and bear a 
strong resemblance to mosses, their upper leaves being closely crowded. 
Most authors assign a dioicous inflorescence to S. Hookeri, but 
Stephani states that it is sometimes monoicous and may be always so. 
These statements are criticised by Warnstorf and there seems, indeed, 
to be very little to support them. The antheridia are conspicuous 
from their large size and bright orange color. They are borne on 
short stalks and arise irregularly all around the stem, showing no 
definite relation to the leaves. The archegonia, sometimes as many 
as ten, are developed near the tip of a shoot, but the apical cell itself 
does not take part in the formation of an archegonium, even though 
its activities are brought to an end. No perianth is developed, the 
protection of the sporophyte being secured by a large and fleshy 
calyptra, the neck of the fertilized archegonium being in the usual 
apical position and the unfertilized archegonia remaining at the base. 
The sporophyte shows the usual differentiation into foot, stalk and 
1 See Mém. Herb. Boissier 16: 43. 1900. 
