268 Rhodora [DECEMBER 
capsule, the stalk attaining (according to Lindberg) a length of 1-3 
cm. The capsule is oblong-cylindrical, 1.5-2 mm. in length and 0.6- 
0.75 mm. in diameter. The wall consists of a single layer of cells, 
except in the apical region, and splits at maturity into four valves, 
although these may remain more or less united. The cells of the wall 
are thin-walled, except for a median annular band in each cell, ex- 
tending longitudinally. This type of thickening recurs in the closely 
related tropical genus Calobryum Nees! but otherwise seems to be 
unique. In all other genera of Hepaticae, where annular or half- 
annular bands of thickening have been described, the bands run in a 
general transverse direction. The elaters are for the most part long 
and bispiral, although some of those which remain attached to the 
tips of the valves are unispiral throughout more or less of their length. 
The spores are densely verruculose. 
The genera Scalia and Calobryum constitute a very natural group, 
to which Goebel? has given the name Calobryaceae. This group 
represents, in the opinion of most writers, the highest development 
attained by the anacrogynous Jungermanniales. The genus Calo- 
bryum in fact, as Goebel emphasizes, is not anacrogynous at all, the 
archegonia forming a definite apical group on the broadened tip of the 
female shoot. Of course this does not imply that the acrogynous 
Jungermanniales are descended from the Calobryaceae. The group, 
as Cavers * states, appears “to form a blindly ending line of develop- 
ment,” the probable origin of the true Acrogynae being in some less 
highly differentiated form. 
3. Harpantuus FLrotow1anus Nees, Naturg. der europ. Leberm. 
2: 353. 1836. Jungermannia Flotowiana Nees, Flora 16: 408. 1833. 
J. convoluta Hiiben. Hep. Germ. 60. 1834. J. vogesiaca Hiiben. 
l. c. 149. 1834 (as synonym). Lophocolea vogesiaca Nees, Naturg. 
der europ. Leberm. 2: 348. 1836. Plewranthe olivacea Tayl. Jour. 
Bot. 5: 282. 1846. On damp, earth-covered rocks, mixed with 
other Hepaticae, Valley Way, Mt. Madison, New Hampshire, about 
4700 feet altitude, July 9, 1917 (A. W. E.). New to New England. 
The present species, which is the type of the genus, was based on 
material collected in the Riesengebirge, close to the boundary between 
Silesia and Bohemia. It is now known also from various other parts 
1 See Andreas, Flora 86: 204. f. 23,24. 1899. 2 Ann. Jard. Buitenzorg 9: 21. 1891, 
3 New Phytol. Reprint 4: 99. 1911. 
