50 ; Rhodora [Marcu 
Scotia “it is found only in special localities on poorest sites in Col- 
chester county.”! In New Brunswick, too, the tree is localized and 
Robert Chalmers correctly understood the situation when he wrote of 
eastern New Brunswick the following accurate account: 
“In New Brunswick, as indeed, in all glaciated countries, however, 
we cannot determine the exact limits of the areas of the forest growth 
affected by the geological formations. On the hills and ridges under- 
lain by limestones, we meet with maple and birch groves, intermixed 
occasionally with spruce. The Cambro-Silurian and the old crystal- 
line belts of rocks traversing the province from the Baie des Chaleurs 
to the Chiputnecticook Lakes, seem also to mark a boundary in the 
forest distribution. North of this lies the great area of Silurian lime- 
stones, south of it the Carboniferous sandstones. Owing to the 
larger extent of country which these formations occupy, the soil 
necessarily bears a closer relation to the underlying rock, and is less 
intermixed with extra-limital drift; consequently the vegetation 
and forest growth upon these areas ought to show the effect of each 
particular kind of soil upon the flora of the country. Have these 
districts any peculiar forms in their floral productions? 
“On the Silurian limestones there is observable a paucity of erica- 
ceous plants, of scrub pine [P. Banksiana] and black spruce, and an 
almost entire absence of hemlock, all of which are abundant on the 
Carboniferous sandstones, the latter tree, indeed, reaching fuller 
development on these as regards size and number than elsewhere in 
the province. White spruce, fir, white pine, the paper birch, and 
and Commelina) are in southeastern New York usually considered merely garden-escapes and 
the 10th species (Phoradendron) is not known north of Monmouth County, New Jersey; further- 
more, of the 10 ‘‘ Indicator Species" only 1 (Liquidambar) is unquestionably indigenous in Con- 
necticut, 2 (Plelea and Tradescantia) are garden-escapes, though Tradescantia may be locally 
indigenous, and the remaining 7 are entirely unknown in the state of Connecticut! 
Again, in Hawley & Hawes's Forestry in New England, a book now being freely quoted, we 
find such an amazing statement as that “Prrcu Pine (Pinus rigida)... occurs throughout 
New England in the extreme northern part, and in the mountains"; whereas, as a matter of 
fact, the Pitch Pine is a coastal plain tree extending into New England from the south. In 
Vermont it is found only **in the northern portion of the Champlain Valley” and **in the Con- 
necticut Valley as far north as Wells River" (Burns & Otis); but, although the “northern 
portion of the Champlain Valley '' suggests northern New England, it should be borne in mind 
that the altitude is slight, that this sandy region has to a great extent a coastal plain flora and 
that northernmost New England is nearly 150 miles farther north than Lake Champlain. 
In New Hampshire Pitch Pine follows north ‘‘along the Merrimac valley to the [bases of the] 
White mountains and up the Connecticut valley to the mouth of the Passumsic" (Dame & 
Brooks); in Maine it is confined to the southwestern sixth of the state and the coastal granites 
east to Mt. Desert Island. It is quite unknown among the higher mountains. 
! Fernow, Forest Conditions of Nova Scotia, 11 (1912). 
