1919] Fernald,— Ranges of Pinus and Thuja 59 
the lower Hudson: “At Verplanck's Point... on. . . fine bluffs of 
palaeozoic limestone," ! where it was associated with other calcicoles, 
Anemone canadensis, Arenaria stricta, Arabis lyrata, etc.; and at other 
stations lower down the Hudson (now presumably extinct). 
In New Jersey the only authentic records are from the lower Hudson, 
the old records from farther west, having been doubted.? In other 
words, in Connecticut and southeastern New York and adjacent New 
Jersey Thuja occidentalis occurs only in the localities indicated so 
clearly on Dana’s map of limestone areas of the region (including the 
Palisade trap range), or as Dana concisely defines it “the belts of 
limestone . . . which extend southward in eastern New York and from 
Canaan and Salisbury in Connecticut" ?* (In Connecticut Thuja is 
known only from Canaan and Salisbury !). 
In Pennsylvania, according to Porter, Thuja is “Generally escaped 
from cultivation, but not definitely known in the native state;" ' 
and Long likewise emphasizes that the tree “appears to be quite 
unknown in a native state in the wide mountain area of Pennsylvania"? 
In Virginia Thuja occidentalis seems to be confined to the calcareous 
valleys among the mountains. The records are few, as follows: 
at Natural Bridge "the great Arbor Vitae in Cedar Creek ravine; " 9 
" Plentiful along the creeks in the Valley of the Middle Fork of the 
Holston River, especially where the banks are rocky and cafion-like” ;7 
" Alleghany Co., Steele." 5 Both Cedar Creek and the Holston River 
are in the Great Valley or the Valley of Virginia, where the “ Valley 
limestone . . . occupies the greater part of the floor," ? and where, as 
described by W. B. Rogers, along the Holston Valley “ Hills of lime- 
stone apparently arranged in rows . . . are stationed along the valley 
at nearly equal intervals.” In Alleghany County, too, although 
Tidestrom does not give Steele's precise locality, it is certain that Thuja 
is upon either the Silurian or Devonian calcareous rocks of which that 
county is composed. 
! F. J. H. Merrill, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xiii. 6 (1886). 
? See Britton, Cat. Pl. N. J. 299 (1889), Taylor, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. v. 74 (1915). 
3 Dana, Man. Geol, ed. 4, 529, 530 (1895). 
4 Porter, Fl. Penn. 3 (1903). 
5 Long, RHODORA, xv. 121 (1913). 
6 A. M. Vail, Mem. Torr. Bot. Cl. ii. 38 (1890). 
7 Small & Vail, Mem. Torr. Bot. Cl. iv. 167 (1893). 
8 Tidestrom, Elysium Marianum, ed. 2, 88 (1907). 
? Bassler, Va. Geol. Surv. Bull. no. II-A, 36 (1909). 
10 W, B. Rogers, Geol. of Va. 140 (1884). 
