1919] Fernald,— Rubus idaeus and Variations 91 
no. 2268), quite like the first in aspect and prickles, differ, however, 
in having the pedicels copiously glandular-hispid and viscid-puberu- 
lent and thus seem to be the plant which has been described as Bati- 
daea strigosa, subsp. B. peramoena Greene and which has recently 
appeared as Rubus paramoenus (Greene) Rydberg. These two plants 
from the same locality, one without stipitate glands and viscid pubes- 
cence on the pedicels, the other with them, and in all other characters 
so similar that their discriminating collector labeled both Rubus 
strigosus, are representative of the variability of the characters which 
by some authors are taken as dividing our Red Raspberries into 
distinct species. 
As already stated, neither Focke nor Rydberg admit true Rubus 
idaeus as indigenous in North America, although very close allies are 
recognized in the Northwest and by Rydberg Greene's supposedly 
indigenous American Batidaea strigosa, subsp. B. itascica, described 
from Lake Itaska, Minnesota, is reduced without question to the 
Eurasian Rubus idaeus. Furthermore, on the still uncleared and 
essentially uninhabited Brion Island, the remote wooded island north 
of the main archipelago of the Magdalen Islands in the Gulf of St. 
Lawrence, the Red Raspberry of the indigenous thickets is strictly 
without bristles or glands and in every particular seems to be per- 
fectly pure R. idaeus, the smooth-caned extreme which is included by 
Focke in his subsp. vulgaris and which has sometimes been designated 
as a forma inermis. At other points in the East, as Peaks Island in 
Casco Bay, perfectly typical R. idaeus, there with slightly prickly 
canes, occurs on the rocky shores as if indigenous, although at the 
Peaks Island station there is greater possibility of introduction than 
on the practically unsettled Brion Island? Similarly in the Middle 
West where R. idaeus, according to Rydberg, includes Batidaea 
. ttascica Greene, the shrub seems to be indigenous. The type locality 
of the latter plant has been noted; and an entirely similar plant, in 
its flowering cane quite inseparable from European R. idaeus, was 
collected by Dr. J. Lunell on the shores of Pleasant Lake, Pierce 
County, North Dakota, in 1901 and distributed as the endemic 
North American R. strigosus; while the fragment in the Gray Her- 
1 See Rydberg, l. c., 445. 
2 Brion Island, although discovered by Cartier, has remained a remote nearly uninhabited 
islet covered with dense thicket. Its two families are those of the light-keeper and of a soli- 
tary farmer. 
