92 Rhodora | [Max 
barium of Rydberg's no. 657 from the Black Hills of South Dakota, 
labelled by its collector “Rubus strigosus” shows neither bristles nor 
glands in the inflorescence. From these facts it will be clear that, 
although by no means so common as the bristly and glandular shrubs, 
the bristleless and glandless R. idaeus is locally indigenous (as well as 
introduced) in North America. 
Although the presence of glands and fine bristles characterizes 
much of the North American and eastern Asiatic Red Raspberry as 
opposed to the typical Rubus idaeus of Eurasia and of local occurrence 
in North America, a plant which when prickly bears stronger broad- 
based prickles, strong prickles are by no means confined to the 
glandless shrubs. In 1858 Regel & Tiling described from eastern 
Siberia as R. idaeus, var. aculeatissimus' a shrub which has firm 
broad-based prickles as well as glands. Later an Asiatic and North 
American plant, which in its details is inseparable from Tiling's origi- 
nal material of var. aculeatissimus from Ajan, a duplicate of which is 
in the Gray Herbarium, was proposed by Focke as R. idaeus, subsp. 
melanolasius or R. idaeus, subsp. R. melanolasius,? under the impression 
that the name var. aculeatissimus had never been published.’ "This 
plant, described by Focke from eastern Siberia and northwestern 
America, is taken up by Rydberg as a strictly American species, R. 
melanolasius, and to it are reduced as synonyms four of Greene’s 
binomial subspecies of Batidaea strigosa. 
In eastern America there also occurs a Red Raspberry in which 
not only the glands but the fine bristles of the American and eastern 
Asiatic shrubs are abundantly mixed with the stronger prickles of the 
European. This is a shrub which occurs on steep clay banks of 
Casco Bay, Maine, an extreme obviously near to R. ?daeus, var. 
aculeatissimus, but with very tomentose (as well as prickly, setose 
and glandular) new canes. "These two illustrations are sufficient to 
indicate that, although the absence of glands and bristles and the 
presence only of stoutish prickles in the upper parts of the plant is a 
characteristic of European Rubus idaeus, the lack of such stoutish 
1 Regel & Tiling, Fl. Ajan. 87 (1858). 
? Focke, like Greene, unfortunately seems to have had slight regard for the conventional 
methods of writing plant-names and consequently for the convenience and clear understanding 
of others, for in the original publication he called the plant a subspecies but (like Greene in 
case of the subspecies of Batidaea sírigosa) gave it a binomial designation as well as a sub- 
specific name, a practice long discountenanced and now forbidden by the International Rules. 
3 Focke, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen. xiii. 472 (1896). 
