1919] Fernald,— Rubus idaeus and Variations 95 
gap between the North Carolinian and the Canadian areas is of no 
more significance than the contradictory characters of the sepals. 
'These two shrubs, Rubus idaeus, vars. strigosus and canadensis, 
include the great bulk of Red Raspberries in the East; yet there are 
two local variants which so closely simulate European varieties of 
true R. idaeus as to be of great interest. In Europe among the recog- 
nized varieties of the glandless R. idaeus are var. angustifolius 
Schmidely and var. anomalus Arrhenius. The former has very narrow 
lanceolate leaflets, often incised, and is closely simulated by a plant 
of southeastern Newfoundland which has been described as R. strigo- 
sus, var. caudatus Robinson & Schrenk; but the Newfoundland 
variety has the new canes pubescent as in R. idaeus, var. canadensis. 
The American representative of the European R. idaeus, var. 
anomalus, is the plant recently named by Blanchard R. Egglestoni 
and previously discussed at length by the present writer and illus- 
trated as R. idaeus, var. anomalus.! The Vermont R. Egglestonii is 
exactly parallel with R. idaeus, var. anomalus, differing from R. idaeus, 
var. strigosus, as var. anomalus differs from typical R. idaeus. It is of 
peculiar interest as a reversionary variety in which the shorter rounder 
leaves and leaflets are thought to repeat the more simple foliage of 
an ancestral type. In this connection it is noteworthy that on old 
fertile canes of the common var. strigosus occasional shoots bear the 
simple rounded leaves of the so-called R. Egglestonii, thus supporting 
the generally accepted argument that var. anomalus (and of course 
the parallel var. Egglestonii) is a reversionary variant. 
The variations of Rubus idaeus in eastern America may be sum- 
marized as follows.’ 
A. Inflorescence without glands or minute bristles: prickles (when present) 
of the new canes strong and obviously broadened at base. 
EE SE R. idaeus (typical) 
A. Inflorescence bearing glands and minute bristles: new canes (except in an 
occasional prickleless form of var. strigosus) bearing slender bristles 
and often stipitate glands B. 
B. Bark of the new canes glabrous or at most glaucous beneath the 
bristles, in age becoming lustrous C. 
C. Prickles mostly strorig and obviously broadened at base. 
hooper iul ro a var. aculeatissimus. 
1 See Ruopora, ii. 195-200, t. 20 (1900). 
? It may be stated that this discussion was written three years ago, but was held in manu- 
script in order to check the characters of the varieties in the field. During the three subse- 
quent seasons the writer, sometimes accompanied by Mr. Bayard Long, sometimes by Pro- 
fessor A. S. Pease, closely watched the Red Raspberries and collected extensively from 35 
regions in New England, from Aroostook County to Cape Cod and the Connecticut Valley. 
