1919] Fernald,— Rubus idaeus and Variations 97 
. New canes smooth; the bristles wanting.— Occasional, Gaspé Co., 
Quebec to Vermont. QUEBEC: at timberline, Mt. Albert, Gaspé Co., 
August, 1905, Fernald & Collins. Marne: alluvial woods, Abbot, 
August 15, 1916, Fernald & Long, no. 13,846 (rvPx in herb. N. E. Bot. 
Club); brooksides and gullies in wooded river-terraces, Fairfield, 
July 24, 1916, Fernald & Long, no. 13,844: alluvial woods, Vassalboro, 
July 6, 1916, Fernald, no. 13,843; alluvial thicket, Limington, August 
28, 1916, Fernald & Long, no. 13,847; boggy woods and thickets, 
Gerrish Island, Kittery, Fernald & Long, no. 13,845. VERMONT: 
Hancock, July 7, 1908, E. F. Williams. 
Var Egglestonii (Blanchard), n. comb. R. idaeus, var. anomalus 
Fernald, Ruopora, ii. 195, t. 20 (1900), not Arrhenius. R. Egglestonii 
Blanchard, Torreya, vii. 140 (1907).— Known only from VERMONT: 
limestone ledges, Cavendish, W. W. Eggleston; dry rocky soil, Town- 
shend, L. A. Wheeler. 
Var. heterolasius, n. var., turionibus cum ramis pedunculisque 
viridescentibus tomentosis glandulosis setosis grosse aciculatisque; 
foliolis subtus albis subtiliter crenatis. 
New canes, branches and peduncles greenish, tomentose, glandular, 
bristly and coarsely prickly: leaflets white beneath, finely crenate.— 
Marre: steep clay bank, Eastern Promenade, Portland, June 30, 1909, 
Fernald, no. 1935 (TYPE in Gray Herb.). 
Var. CANADENSIS Richardson, Appendix, ed. 2. in Frankl. Journey, 
ed. 1, 747 (1823). Batidaea strigosa, subsp. B. subarctica Greene, 
Leaflets, i. 242 (1906). R. sachalinensis Léveillé in Fedde, Repert. 
vi.. 332 (1909). R. idaeus, subsp. sachalinensis (Léveillé) Focke, Sp. 
Rub. pt. 2, 210 (1911). R. carolinianus Rydberg, N. A. Fl. xxii. 447 
(1913). R. subarcticus (Greene) Rydb. 1. c. 448 (1913).— Labrador 
to Alaska, south to Nantucket and Cape Cod, Massachusetts, south- 
eastern Connecticut, locally in the mountains to North Carolina, 
Michigan, South Dakota, and Colorado; also eastern Asia. 
Var. CANADENSIS, forma caudatus (Robinson & Schrenk), n. comb. 
R. strigosus, var. caudatus Robinson & Schrenk, Can. Rec. Sci. vii. 
14 (1896). — Known only from the original collection. 
"The variations confined to western America include the following: 
Var. melanotrachys (Focke), n. comb. R. idaeus, subsp. melano- 
trachys Focke, Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem. xiii. 472, 473 (1906). R. melano- 
 trachys Focke, l. c. (1906). 
Focke did not regard this plant as a variety of R. idaeus but as a 
subspecies. He, like the majority of European taxonomists, dis- 
tinguishes clearly between the two categories and in his Species 
Ruborum indicates under R. idaeus, subsp. vulgatus, many varieties. 
