1919]  Standley,— New Locality for Senecio Crawfordii 119 
The gravel bed, which is the essential feature of these bogs, is bare 
in spots, but is largely covered by patches of sphagnum and scattered 
clumps of Cladonia, among which grow various herbaceous plants 
of higher groups. "The bog is essentially open, but shrubs are banked 
about its edge and form occasional clumps over its surface. "The. 
shrubs or small trees are chiefly Alnus rugosa, Myrica carolinensis, 
Itea virginica, Aronia atropurpurea, Amelanchier oblongifolia, Rhus 
vernix, Ilex laevigata, Acer rubrum, Nyssa sylvatica, Azalea viscosa, 
Eubotrys racemosa, Kalmia angustifolia, Gaylussacia dumosa, V acci- 
nium atrococcum and V. corymbosum, Chionanthus virginica, and 
Viburnum nudum and V. cassinoides. The swamp magnolia is 
present in all the bogs, and it is because of this fact that McAtee has 
proposed for them the term “magnolia bogs." The more character- 
istic or interesting herbaceous plants are Osmunda cinnamomea, Lyco- 
podium adpressum and L. carolinianum, Panicum lucidum, Eriocaulon 
decangulare, Xyris caroliniana, Tofieldia racemosa, Melanthium an- 
gustifolium, Limodorum tuberosum, Pogonia ophioglossoides, Drosera 
rotundifolia, Polygala lutea and P. cruciata, Triadenum virginicum, 
Rhexia virginica, Oxypolis rigidior, Utricularia subulata, and Helianthus 
angustifolius. 
It will be seen that most of the plants enumerated are character- 
istic species of the pine-barrens which, in the northeastern states, 
attain their best development in New Jersey. Notwithstanding the 
presence of so many species characteristic of that type of vegetation, 
no pine-barrens exist in our region. The isolated occurrence of such 
a large percentage of pine-barren species (it is estimated that 70 
per cent of the typical ones occur in Delaware and eastern Maryland) 
is explained by McAtee as having probably resulted from the depres- 
sion of the Coastal Plain. It is assumed that formerly a belt of the 
pine-barren flora extended along much of the Atlantic coast, but that 
when the Coastal region was depressed most of the vegetation of this 
type was destroyed. Isolated colonies of plants were able to maintain 
their existence in favorable spots near or upon the Piedmont Plateau, 
and although conditions in such situations were generally unsuited to 
the growth of pine-barren plants, some of them have managed to per- 
sist in places where conditions were particularly propitious, as, for 
instance, in these magnolia bogs. 
It may be noted in concluding that although Senecio Crawfordii 
is found with us in association with pine-barren species, it appears 
