1919] Evans,— Notes on New England Hepaticae,— XV 157 
which represents the other, the cup is about one eighth the length of 
the perianth on one side and scarcely developed at all on the side 
opposite. 
The perianth may begin to narrow at once or broaden out slightly 
before narrowing, according to the height of the perigynium. If 
fertilization has taken place it usually projects well beyond the bracts; 
if fertilization has failed it remains shorter and often scarcely projects 
at all. It usually narrows to the mouth without forming a distinct 
beak. In the upper part and sometimes throughout the greater part 
of its length, the perianth is deeply and irregularly plicate, the number 
of folds varying usually from three to five. "These folds involve the 
mouth itself, which has a longer periphery than at first appears. No 
- distinct lobes can be made out upon dissection (except those formed 
by tearing when the capsule is extruded, but the marginal cells project 
as crenulations or short cilia (Fig. 9), which often bend inwards, and 
sometimes small groups of the cells project slightly beyond their 
neighbors and form vague crenations. In the vicinity of the mouth 
and sometimes throughout the greater part of its extent the perianth 
is composed of elongated cells. Usually, however, especially if 
. fertilization has taken place, the basal part is composed of short, 
almost isodiametric cells, and these occasionally extend almost to 
the mouth. In the contracted terminal portion the cells on the inner 
surface (especially along the internal folds) sometimes project slightly 
as blunt and very short papillae (in Fig. 9 three such cells are shown) 
and thus help the marginal cells in blocking up the mouth. 
.A typical male inflorescence has been figured by Müller! The 
bracts are loosely to closely imbricated and vary in number from one 
or two pairs to a dozen or more. The cluster is at first terminal but 
often becomes intercalary by the vegetative elongation of the branch. 
A bract is usually a little shorter than the vegetative leaves of the 
same axis and may be much shorter. When viewed from above it 
presents the appearance of being complicate-bilobed with a rounded 
keel tending to become straight or concave in the outer part, the 
dorsal lobe being distinctly smaller than the ventral. "This dorsal 
lobe represents an inflexed dilation of the basal portion of the leaf, 
which (although slightly decurrent) is less obliquely attached than 
in normal leaves. The ventral lobe is distinetly concave. In the 
1 Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora 6: f. 272 D. 1909. 
