40 Rhodora [Marcu 
Willoughby and Hor, removing vast quantities of the rocks of which 
they are composed, and spreading this material over lowlands to the 
south for a distance of many miles. The rocks are, as previously 
noted, distinctly calcareous, and accordingly the springs which emerge 
from the hummocks of glacial drift are for the most part more or less 
alkaline in reaction. Acid soils have developed here and there where- 
ever the decomposing vegetable matter has formed layers of sufficient 
thickness to prevent neutralization by the alkaline rock constituents. 
The water in depressions in the cool dark arbor vitae (Thuja occi- 
dentalis) swamps is throughout slightly alkaline. No ericaceous 
plants were observed to grow in this water, although several orchids 
do so, notably Cypripedium hirsutum (reginae), Listera convallarioides, 
L. cordata, Habenaria (Limnorchis) hyperborea, H. dilatata (in open 
places), and Corallorrhiza trifida. On the hummocks of peaty ma- 
terial, however, several Ericaceae were noted, including Pyrola secunda 
var. obtusata, P. asarifolia var. incarnata, Moneses uniflora, Vaccinium 
canadense, and Chiogenes hispidula, in subacid or more often mediacid 
soil. Orchids which stick to the more acid soil situations are Haben- 
aria (Lysias) orbiculata, Epipactis repens var. ophioides, E. tesselata, 
and Corallorrhiza maculata. The bunchberry, Cornus canadensis, is 
also limited to the acid locations. 
The streams which rise on the south side of the col below the head 
(south end) of Willoughby Lake have minimalkaline to subalkaline 
water, and the relations shown by the plant associations surrounding 
them are noteworthy. Myrica Gale grows directly in the alkaline 
water, but although some ericaceous shrubs appear to accompany 
it closely, actual tests of the soil around their roots showed distinct 
to marked acidity in every case. The boldest of these, Chamaedaphne 
calyculata, occasionally reaches out as far as material of minimacid 
reaction; but Kalmia angustifolia, K. polifolia, and Ledum groen- 
landicum are always in subacid to mediacid peat. Upland peat with 
subacid reaction on the slopes of the hummocks of drift supports 
Epigaea repens, Pyrola americana, and Vaccinium canadense; also 
the orchid, Habenaria (Coeloglossum) bracteata, and such plants as 
Linnaea borealis var. americana, and Cornus canadensis. 
West BURKE, VERMONT. 
A small bog about three miles south of West Burke furnished an 
instructive contrast to those to the north, which have just been 
described. Here the drift is non-calcareous, and the open water 
