58 Rhodora I APRIL 
3-nerved. Along the Coastal Plain from eastern Massachusetts 
and southern New Hampshire to South Carolina. A plant of 
wet soil. : 
Florets 9-15, rarely 8-20: stem speckled: leaves in 4's or 5's, 
rarely in 3's or 6's, gradually tapering at the base, and pinnately- 
veined. Newfoundland through northern New England to west- 
ern Connecticut and central Pennsylvania, westward to Illinois, 
and Colorado, New Mexico and British Columbia. A plant of 
wet soil. 
3. Florets 6-7, rarely 5 or 8: stem rarely speckled, evenly purple, glau- 
cous, hollow: leaves in 4's-6's, rather bluntly and finely toothed: 
corolla less than 5 mm. long. Southern Maine and Rhode Island 
to Florida, Texas, and Oklahoma; also in western Pennsylvania 
and Ohio. A plant of damp woods and pastures, on the Atlantic 
Coast and Uplands. 
4. Florets 5-6, rarely 3-7: stem rarely speckled, purple only at 
the nodes, scarcely glaucous, solid: leaves in 3’s or 4’s, rarely in 
2’s or 5's, sharply toothed: corolla 5-7 mm. long: heads paler 
than in the other species. Eastern Massachusetts and southern 
New Hampshire westward to Wisconsin, and southward to Penn- 
sylvania, Kentucky, Oklahoma and Nebraska; also in the moun- 
tains from Virginia to Georgia. A plant of rich upland woods, 
rarely found near the coast. 
The selection of names for these species has been found difficult. 
In the following discussion of the Linnean types the principle is ob- 
served that if there exists a specimen which Linnaeus had in hand 
when the description was written, this is to be considered the type, 
and is to be given the greatest weight in deciding upon the applica- 
tion of the name. If no such specimen exists, or if specimens and 
characters of two or more species are confused in the description, 
thus rendering definition by this means impossible, then the cited 
synonomy is to be employed in determining the type so far as it is 
of value. 
In the first edition of the Species Plantarum (p. 838. 1753), Lin- 
naeus gave the name E. purpureum to an American species of Eupa- 
torium with verticillate leaves, and at the same time noted a var. 
B. In the Amoenitates Academicae, E. maculatum was described 
by Linnaeus; and in the second edition of the Species Plantarum 
both species were treated at length. The citations under @ in the 
bo 
