60 Rhodora [APRIL 
together both E. purpureum and E. maculatum, Linnaeus recasts 
the description of E. purpureum, omitting the statement that the 
stem was spotted, and stating that it was, “viridis, ad exortum peti- 
olarum purpurascens." This new description excludes both spotted- 
stemmed species, and narrows the application of the name to species 
Nos. 3 and 4. However, a still further study of the description shows 
that Linnaeus was confusing both of these, since the statement quoted 
above applies best to No. 4; while the statement “folio quina lanceo- 
lata-ovata. Calyces florum incarnati. Flosculi octo" applies to 
No. 3. A photograph of material now in the Linnaean herbarium 
seems to show, though an accurate identification of it is impossible, 
that Linnaeus at some time had specimens of both species. It is 
necessary, therefore, because of this confusion, to ignore the Lin- 
naean description, and to attempt the definition of the name through 
thesynonomy. The writer has not had access to the Colden citation. 
The plant on which the Gronovian reference was based was most 
probably our No. 3, as judged by the statement of Gronovius: "foliis 
ovato-lanceolatis obtuse serratis * * * foliis longis," and Grono- 
vius's reference to Cornut which will later be shown to be No. 3. 
Moreover, though not much material has been seen from Virginia, 
it seems likely that No. 4 is largely confined to the mountains in that 
state, while No. 3 extends to the coast, and would be more likely 
to have been found by Clayton. 
The next citation of Linnaeus was to Cornut where a plate and 
extended discussion is given. The plate is not convincing, as it 
might represent either species. In the text, however, is the state- 
ment: "Caules * * *  rubescentes (cinereo tamen colore suffusi) 
li. e., glaucous] * * * inanes intus," which can refer only to 
No. 3. The source of Cornut’s plant, however, is in doubt, as our 
No. 3 is not known from Canada where the title of his work would 
lead one to infer that it was obtained. 
The other citation of Linnaeus was to Morrison, but the figure 
there given seems to have been copied from Cornut, and the descrip- 
tion is a verbatim transcription of Cornut's. The citations of Lin- 
naeus, therefore, so far as they can be identified, unanimously refer 
to plant No. 3. Moreover, the key heading, **Calycibus octo- 
floris," under which E. purpureum is found in the Species Plantarum, 
is appropriate to this plant and not to No. 4, which has from 3 to 6 
florets. The name E. purpureum must therefore be used for our 
specles No. 3. 
