68 Rhodora [APRIL 
Arsène. District or Cotumpia: 1901, E. S. Steele; Brookland, 
1908, T. Holm; near Fort Totten, 1915, T. Holm. Virainta: Rap- 
pahannock River, 1915, I. Tidestrom, no. 7607; Bedford County, 
1871 & 1872, A. H. Curtiss. West VinGiNIA: Harman, 1904, A. H. 
Moore, no. 2167; Dry Fork River near Harman, 1904, J. M. Green-- 
man, no. 236. Kentucky: near Poor Fork Post Office, 1893, T. H. 
Kearney, Jr., no. 214. SovrH Caroutna: Santee Canal, H. W. 
Ravenel. ALABAMA: Buckley. Fitortpa: Eustis, 1895, G. V. Nash, 
no. 2118. Texas: Pope, ex herb. G. Thurber. OKLAHOMA: Page, 
1914, O. W. Blakley, no. 3417. ARKANSAS: southwestern Arkansas, 
F. L. Harvey, no. 4. PENNSYLVANIA: Pittsburgh, 1831, Holz. Onro: 
Little Mountain, 1897, J. M. Greenman, no. 310. 
In general this plant is very constant in its characters. One 
specimen from Pittsburgh, Pa. (Holz) has corollas longer than 5 
mm.; otherwise this character of the corolla is good. "The variation 
in florets was: 6 with 5 florets, 14 with 6 florets, 5 with 7 florets, 
and 1 with 8 florets. "The variation in number of leaves in the whorl 
was: 7 with 4 leaves, 5 with 5 leaves, 6 with 7 leaves, and 1 with 8 
leaves. 
4. E. ratcatum Michx. Flor. Bor. Am. ii. 99 (1803). E. pur- 
pureum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1173 (1763) as to description in part, not 
as to synonomy. E. amoenum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii, 514 (1814). 
E. purpureum var. amoenum A. Gray, Synopt. Fl. N. A. i. pt. 2, 96 
(1884). E. purpureum var. falcatum Britton, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 
v. 312 (1894).—Stems normally unspeckled, rarely mottled, green, 
purple at the nodes, rarely more purplish, scarcely glaucous, glabrous 
or nearly so, solid: leaves mostly in 4's, less commonly in 3's, rarely 
in 2's or 5's, lanceolate to ovate-oval or rarely ovate, acuminate, 
tapering gradually to the petioled or nearly sessile base or rarely 
more abruptly tapering, sharply serrate, slightly rugose; veins numer- 
ous, less spreading and less regular than in the last, decreasing grad- 
ually toward base and apex; blade glabrous and nearly smooth above, 
atomiferous and from glabrous to densely crisp-villous beneath, the 
hairs longer and softer than in the other species: inflorescence crisp- 
downy, convex, when well developed hemispherical or short-oblong 
and loose, often very large and open (up to 5 dm. long and 4 dm. 
wide): heads narrowly cylindrical, pale purple or whitish, 3-6 (7)- 
flowered: involucral bracts narrowly oblong, the inner acutish: 
corollas (5-) 5.5-7.5 mm. long, much exserted beyond the involucre: 
achenes 3-5 mm. long.—Open woods and wood borders in damp or 
rather dry rich light soil, but not in the coastal sands: eastern Massa- 
chusetts, southern New Hampshire, and southern Vermont, to Con- 
necticut, and in the uplands to Georgia; westward through Ontario, 
New York, and Pennsylvania to Wisconsin, Nebraska and Oklahoma. 
